ICT student textbook/Introduction

What is ICT

Have you ever seen anyone in your school or community or home use a phone? Have you ever withdrawn money from an ATM (Automated Teller Machines, also known as 'Any time money'), or seen someone get money from an ATM? You may have seen or helped someone book a gas cylinder refill through a phone. You may perhaps have booked a train ticket or booked Tirumala darshan on-line. You may have seen a movie on your computer or chatted with a friend or recorded a video with your phone. Have you ever wondered how these things are done? There is one thing that is common across all these things - the use of Information Communication Technologies, ICT.

Before we understand what are ICT, look at the list below and identify all the words that you have heard of: File:Have you heard of ICT terms.mm (If you are using the printed book, please open the file "Have_you_heard_of_ICT_terms.mm" using Freeplane).

As students, you may have been introduced to some or many of these terms in your school, in your family or in your neighbourhood. The cell phone tower, your nearest ATM, your mother's mobile phone, games, whatsapp chats, email, the selfie, internet, videos and songs on your computer - all these are examples of a new kind of ICT. These technologies are called digital technologies and they are changing the way we talk to each other, work with each other, and the way we do things. The computer is becoming like a television, the phone is becoming like a computer, you can use the computer to make voice calls, you can record a video with your phone, you can read your newspaper on the phone, and you can even paint with your computer! The technologies that make all these possible are collectively called ICT.

ICT refers to those set of technologies that help us create information, access information, analyze information and communicate with each other. Human beings have always accessed information and communicated, but what makes these present technologies special is their digital nature. You can read more about how ICT developed in the chapter on Science, Technology and Society.

We live in an information society

Look at the pictures below and discuss with your friends and teacher.

A Bonobo fishing for termites

What is this bonobo doing - can you guess? You are correct! It is "fishing" for termites from an ant hill. Did you think only human beings can fish? When it was first discovered in the 1920s that chimpanzees can make tools, all over the scientific community, people were amazed. This was because human beings were defined as the species which makes tools for use. Dr Louis Leakey, a famous primatologist said " We have to define what is a tool, or we have to define what is a human being or we have to accept that chimpanzees are human beings!".

Google self-driving car

What is special about this car? Did you guess? Yes, it has no driver. When you drive, you gather information about the road, other vehicles, people, animals and weather and you operate the controls. Gathering information, processing, analyzing and acting, has been a defining characteristic of the human species. If a car can now do this, does it make the car a human being? What makes a human being special?

Today's society is called the information society. To see why, let us think of a small activity.

Let us say you are withdrawing money from a nearby ATM. Can you make a list of all the things you need to do for that? You need your account number, your PIN and you need to enter the amount of money. When you put your card in the machine, it verifies your PIN, collects information about your bank account, the bank and the balance amount. The ATM machine does all of this, connects with yout bank and allows you to withdraw the money.

So many things we do now are based on information. Many devices - mobile phones, television, computers, tablets, cameras, scanners, collectively called ICTs, have made this possible. How we collect information, how we analyze it, how we communicate the information and how we use the information to make decisions are all very important. ICT and broadly digital technologies are changing the way we do things, thus making today's society an information society. You may be familiar with the computer but now ICT have moved far beyond the computer alone. As students you have to learn ICT to build your skills for functioning in the information society.

What can you expect to learn

ICT can help you create music, write poetry, learn mathematics or make videos. ICT can also help you in communicating with each other and learning together. This textbook has been developed to introduce you to all these possibilities.

In this new subject called ICT, we can expect to learn about ICT and how to work with ICT; this will be covered over a 3 year period.

Knowledge based

This subject will introduce you to:

1. What is ICT
2. How did ICT develop
3. Effect ICT has on family, neighbourhood, school and village
4. Use of ICT ethically, safely and responsibly

Skill

In this subject, through different hands-on activities and projects you will learn to:

1. Use ICT to express your ideas, using available resources (using images, audio, text, videos)
2. Use ICT to learn school subjects and improve your general knowledge
3. Use ICT to talk to your friends, to work together and to play together
4. Use ICT to help in the development of the local community, socio cultural activities and development.

As students, you are encouraged to explore this new area and make connections to your own daily life, the impact these ICT have on your life, how you would like to work with this technology and how you can equip yourself to understand this new way of thinking, learning and communicating.

How is this book organized

The textbook will have 5 units:

1. What is the nature of ICT
2. Data representation and processing
3. Communication with graphics
4. Audio visual communication
5. Learn your school subjects

• Each unit has a brief introduction followed by hands-on activities for each unit. Each of the units will have activities at three different levels, as you move from class 6-8. Different ICT devices, tools and applications will be used for the activities. Your teacher will show you how to use an ICT device or application. Instructions for learning an application are available here.
• Your teacher will determine the appropriate level of activity. She will introduce a new unit or an activity with a demonstration. This will be followed by activities for you. These activities could include some projects and will involve individual or group work.
• You can work individually or in groups or read the textbook and discuss in the classroom. Different groups in the class will work on different examples for a given theme and share your analysis, findings and creations. You will learn together and teach one another!