Changes

===What is this unit about ===

===What is this unit about ===

We saw in the previous chapter about how ICT are part of many things we do; and how they have changed the way we are working, learning and even playing.  What is it about ICT that allow such changes to happen?  

In the previous chapter, we saw how ICT are part of many things we do; and how they have changed the way we are working, learning and even playing.  What is it about ICT that allows such changes to happen?  

Let us consider the following pictures. Below each picture write 2-3 words describing what is happening in the picture.

Let us consider the following pictures. Below each picture write 2-3 words describing what is happening in the picture.

File:Learning to read with a tablet.jpg|Learning to read with a tablet

File:Learning to read with a tablet.jpg|Learning to read with a tablet

</gallery>

</gallery>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">

File:Bangalore Woman on Cellphone top November 2011 -23.jpg|Woman with a Cellphone

File:Bangalore Woman on Cellphone top November 2011 -23.jpg|Woman with a Cellphone

</gallery>

</gallery>

<small>Image credits:  [http://itschool.gov.in Kerala IT@Schools project], Government high school, Mysuru, [http://ITforChange.net IT for Change,] [http://commons.wikimedia.org Wikimedia Commons]. All images are licensed under Creative Commons license which allows for free sharing with attribution.</small>

<small>Image credits:  [http://itschool.gov.in Kerala IT@Schools project], Government high school, Mysuru, [http://ITforChange.net IT for Change,] [http://commons.wikimedia.org Wikimedia Commons]. All images are licensed under Creative Commons license which allows for free sharing with attribution.</small>

===={{font color|purple|Think and write}}====

===={{font color|purple|Think and write}}====

Write down below what are the characteristics of ICT that allows the various things above. Discuss these with your friends and teachers.

Write down below what are the characteristics of ICT that allows the various things above. Discuss these with your friends and teacher.

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To do these things, you use many ICT devices such as a mobile phone, a computer, camera. People may tell you about how they communicated or did things in the days before the phone.  It may be very hard for you to imagine but ICT (and all other technologies) were not always there - they got developed over time.    <br>

To do these things, you use many ICT devices such as a mobile phone, a computer, camera. People may tell you about how they communicated or did things in the days before the phone.  It may be very hard for you to imagine but ICT (and all other technologies) were not always there - they were developed over time.    <br>

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As you studied ICT, you may also have guessed one more thing - they need to be connected. Internet is a set of computers connected with one another. How these help in doing the various things we will see later on in this unit.   

In this unit, you will learn about what are ICT, how ICT developed and how we need to work with ICT for all of us to benefit. You can read more about how ICT developed in the chapter on [[ICT student textbook/Science Technology and Society|Science, Technology and Society]].   

In this unit, you will learn about what is ICT, how ICT developed and how we need to work with ICT for all of us to benefit. You can read more about how ICT developed in the chapter on [[ICT student textbook/Science Technology and Society|Science, Technology and Society]].

You may also have guessed one more thing - the different devices need to be connected. Internet, which you may have heard of, is a [[wikipedia:Computer_network|network]] of computers connected with one another.  Later in this unit, we will see how these these help in doing the various things above.  

===Objectives===

===Objectives===

{{font color|purple|''Interacting with ICT''}}

{{font color|purple|''Interacting with ICT''}}

# Understanding the nature of ICT - how technology has developed in society, how ICT has developed and how it has changed the way society is organized today

# Understanding the nature of ICT - how technology has developed in society, how ICT have developed and how ICT have changed the society

# Understanding about the ICT environment - various devices and applications

# Understanding about the ICT environment - various devices and applications

# Understanding the safe use of ICT  

# Understanding the safe use of ICT, including the internet

# Understanding the ethical and legal aspects of ICT

# Understanding the ethical and legal aspects of ICT

{{font color|purple|''Communicating with ICT''}}

{{font color|purple|''Communicating with ICT''}}

===ICT have changed the society===

===ICT have changed the society===

Look around you - can you make a list of things that have digital technologies involved in them?  Yes, that is right.  Starting from the computer in your school, television, movies, videos and other materials for subject learning mobile communication, [[wikipedia:Aadhaar|Aadhar]] card, land records, bank accounts, pension accounts and so many more things, ICT have become integrated into society in many ways.     

Look around you - can you make a list of things that have digital technologies involved in them?  Yes, that is right.  Starting from the computer in your school, television, movies, videos and other materials for subject learning, mobile communication, [[wikipedia:Aadhaar|Aadhar]] card, land records, bank accounts, pension accounts and so many more things, ICT have become integrated into society in many ways.     

{{font color|purple|'''1. ICT can help create:'''}}

{{font color|purple|'''1. ICT can help create:'''}}

ICT can create information in so many different ways - maps, audio, video, text, numeric data.  Expressing yourself and creating materials is not limited only to text.  This means newer and newer methods of knowledge creation and sharing. You can learn in different ways.  How we learn and what is needed to be learnt have become different. For example, we no longer need to learn about a cash withdrawal slip, we need to know how to use the ATM.  Your teacher can now take a video of a class in your school and share it.  Different devices and applications are appearing as well as merging - a mobile is acquiring many functions of many other devices.   

ICT can create information in so many different ways - maps, audio, video, text, numeric data.  You no longer need to share your ideas only in text.  This means newer and newer methods of creation and sharing. You can also learn in different ways.  How you can learn learn and what is needed to be learnt have become different. For example, we no longer need to learn about a cash withdrawal slip, we need to know how to use the ATM.  Your teacher can now take a video of a class in your school and share it.  Different devices are getting developed; more and more functions are being performed by less number of devices.  For example, you can use the computer to watch a movie or play music. A smart phone can do many things a computer can do. 

{{font color|purple|'''2. ICT can help connect and communicate:'''}}

{{font color|purple|'''2. ICT can help connect and communicate:'''}}

The most important thing about ICT today is the internet.  The internet has changed the way we think of communicating.  Talking to a friend through whatsapp or telegram chats, emailing or making a video call are just some of the ways in which the internet has changed the way we interact with each other in society.  With the internet, you can connect to any computer in the world and access information.  You can join other friends, form groups to learn about many things. Internet is also allowing new methods of learning through online courses and resource repositories.     

The most important thing about ICT today is the internet.  The internet has changed the way we think of communicating with one another.  Talking to a friend through WhatsApp or Telegram chats, emailing or making a video call are just some of the ways in which the internet has changed the way we talk with others.  With the internet, you can also connect to any computer in the world and get information.  You can join other friends, form groups to learn about many things.      

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| style="width: 20%;" |[[File:Potter working, Bangalore India.jpg|frameless|250x250px]]

| style="width: 20%;" |[[File:Potter working, Bangalore India.jpg|frameless|250x250px]]

| style="width: 20%;" |[[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|frameless|250x250px]]

| style="width: 20%;" |[[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|frameless|250x250px]]

| style="width: 40%;" |The potter was gathering data about the mud, the water, the texture and he was making the pot.  Now you have a photo of the pottery making and it is possible to know about the pot by looking a picture and reading about it.  Is there any difference between what you know and what the potter knows?  

| style="width: 40%;" |Before digital ICT came, a potter could be gathering data about the mud, the water, the texture and he was making the pot.  Now you have a photo of the pottery making and it is possible to know about the pot by looking a picture and reading about it.  Is there any difference between what you know and what the potter knows?  

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#{{font color|purple|'''What are the ways in which ICT can help the potter create knowledge?'''}}

#{{font color|purple|'''What are the ways in which ICT can help the potter create knowledge?'''}}

#{{font color|purple|'''What are the ways in which ICT can help connection and communication for the potter?'''}}

#{{font color|purple|'''What are the ways in which ICT can help the potter communicate?'''}}

If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]]. Technology should be treated like a common resource of society, where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it. More and more people should be able to use ICT in a manner appropriate for their needs, for this, access to ICT should be treated like a public good, like public education or public health.

If so many things are impacted by ICT, it is important to understand how these work, and how they should be used [[ICT_student_textbook/What_students_need_to_know_about_ethics_of_technology|ethically and safely]]. ICT should be used in such a way that all can benefit. 

 

For example, take a resource like water or air.  Would you not want good quality water to be available to everyone?  Don't you want all students to be able to go to schools?  Don't you want good hospitals to be available to all?  Similarly, technology should be treated like a common resource of society, where everyone can access it, interact with it, benefit from it and contribute to it. More and more people should be able to use ICT according to their needs.  ICT should also be treated like a common resource or a public good - like public transport, public education or public health.

===What is the internet===

===What is the internet===

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|[[File:Internet Key Layers.png|thumb|Key layers of the internet]]

|[[File:Network-782707 1280.png|thumb|Internet is a network of computers]]

|If you want information about some book available in your library, you can connect to the library's computer from home and get the information that you want. There are many such computers in different organisations giving us different types of information. These computers are connected to one another, their network is called the Internet. The Internet is a physical network of millions of computers across the world, each of which has a unique identifier. Some of these computers act as 'servers', they store data which can be accessed by other computers, hence the internet is like a huge library with information on almost any issue.   

|You may have, or you may have seen someone, look for some information using a computer or mobile phone.  How is this possible?  The internet makes this possible. The internet is nothing but a network of computers.  Your computer may not have all the information you need. There may be other computers in different organizations, giving us different types of information. These computers are connected to one another, their network is called the Internet. The Internet is a physical network of millions of computers across the world. Each computer has a unique identifier. Some of these computers act as '[[wikipedia:Server_(computing)|servers]]', they store data which can be accessed by other computers, hence the internet is like a huge library with information on almost any issue.   

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|[[File:Herramientas web 2.0.jpg|thumb|World Wide Web]]

|[[File:Herramientas web 2.0.jpg|thumb|World Wide Web|262x262px]]

|Initially the internet was a set of computers connected by one another and information requests were sent, using specific text commands, and received through networks. But this was difficult to do. In 1989, Sir [[wikipedia:Tim_Berners-Lee|Timothy Berners Lee]] developed a system by which the computers can transfer information through a method called '''[[wikipedia:HTML|Hyper Text Mark-up Language]]''' or HTML.  <br>

|Initially the internet was a set of computers connected by one another and you had to send text messages for getting the information you need. This was difficult to do. In 1989, Sir [[wikipedia:Tim_Berners-Lee|Timothy Berners Lee]] developed an application  called the "World Wide Web - www".  Yes, the "www" is an application on the internet to access the internet in the form of a web pages, using an application called the Web Browser. Have you heard of the word browsing centre?  

He developed the application  called the "World Wide Web - www".  Yes, the "www" is an application on the internet to access the internet in the form of a web pages, using an application called the Web Browser.  There are millions of pages of shared information on the computers in the network, created by many people and organizations, in the form of 'web pages' accessed using a software application called a '''[[wikipedia:Web_browser|web browser]]'''.<br>

The web browser makes getting information from the internet easier.  Computers transfer information through a method called '''[[wikipedia:HTML|Hyper Text Mark-up Language]]''' or HTML. Any information that we want to share - text, image or even audio and video - can all be shared by developing these web pages. 

This makes connection between computers more accessible to all and it allows different kinds of content to be shared across the internet.

 

Different kinds of information could be made available and accessing the information also became easier.<br>

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|[[File:Internet of Things.jpg|thumb|Internet of things]]

|[[File:Internet of Things.jpg|thumb|Internet of things]]

|Now can you think of all the places the internet is being used?

|Now can you think of all the places the internet is being used? Write them below.

 

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===How is the unit organized===

===How is the unit organized===

In this unit, there are three levels of activities. The activities will increase in difficulty - based on the ICT skills needed as well as subject knowledge that you will be building. As you work on the various activities for the different ICT areas in the each level, you will also get experienced with more ICT skills and this would help you with the subsequent level.

In this unit, there are three levels of activities. Level 1 activities will introduce you to the unit and will be simple. Activities at the second and third level will be more advanced.  This will be based on the ICT skills needed as well as the subject you are studying through that activity. At each level, you will learn ICT skills which would help you do a more advanced activity at the next level.

You can imagine this somewhat like a spiral staircase where you learn some topic at a basic level, you move along to the next class and you come back to discuss the same topic at a more advanced level.

You can imagine this somewhat like a spiral staircase.  

At each level you will be exploring new things about ICT; you will also be creating your outputs and building what is called a [[wikipedia:Electronic_portfolio|digital portfolio]]. This portfolio will include your outputs; from these you will be able to know what you have learnt.  At the end of the year, your teacher will assess your portfolio.   

At each level you will be exploring new things about ICT; you will also be creating your outputs and building what is called a [[wikipedia:Electronic_portfolio|digital portfolio]]. This portfolio will include your outputs; from these you will be able to know what you have learnt.  At the end of the year, your teacher will assess your portfolio.