Changes

=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===

In this unit, you will learn to create learning resources using different digital tools, in different formats - text, image and audio-video. You will also learn to create digital presentations. You should create resources on the same topic on which you accessed internet resources in Unit 1 and try to make your resource richer and more useful for your learning.  We already saw that Open Educational Resources (OER) have an important role to play in education. You should, as a matter of principle, in this course, license all your creations as OER, using the Creative Commons license.   

In this unit, you will learn to create resources using different digital tools, in different formats - text, image and audio-video. You will also learn to create digital presentations. You should create resources on the same topic on which you accessed internet resources in Unit 1 and try to make your resource richer and more useful for your learning.  We already saw that Open Educational Resources (OER) have an important role to play in education. You should, as a matter of principle, in this course, license all your creations as OER, using the Creative Commons license.   

Each of this resource formats have their own advantages in communicating ideas. A picture can provide a clear idea of an idea or concept, a video can be even more powerful in enabling understanding. Text format can be used to communicate creative, subtle ideas. Combining text, animation, audio and video in well designed manner can make the resource useful and this can be tailored to the context, the learning need and the method chosen.  Combining different methods can help us create resources in the form of [[ICT teacher handbook/Digital story telling|digital stories]].

Each of this resource formats have their own advantages in communicating ideas. A picture can provide a clear idea of an idea or concept, a video can be even more powerful in enabling understanding. Text format can be used to communicate creative, subtle ideas. Combining text, animation, audio and video in well designed manner can make the resource useful and this can be tailored to the context, the learning need and the method chosen.  Combining different methods can help us create resources in the form of lessons or [[ICT teacher handbook/Digital story telling|digital stories]].

===Concept mapping===

===Concept mapping===

Think about the word 'plant'. Now think of all the words that  that come into your mind when you think about the word plant. List these words in your notebook. Some of the common  thoughts/words that would come into mind when thinking about plants are: water, photosynthesis, leaf, flower, root, stem, soil, sunlight, carbon dioxide etc. These words can represent '''concepts''' connected to 'plant'. '''Concept''' is  an abstract representation of an idea  formed in the mind.  Concept maps can help in [http://readingrockets.org/strategies/concept_maps answering questions] such as, "What is it? What is it like? What are some examples?"   

Think about the word 'plant'. Now think of all the words that  that come into your mind when you think about the word plant. List these words in your notebook. Some of the common  thoughts/words that may come into mind when thinking about plants are: water, photosynthesis, leaf, flower, root, stem, soil, sunlight, carbon dioxide etc. These words can represent '''concepts''' connected to 'plant'. '''Concept''' is  an abstract representation of an idea  formed in the mind.  Concept maps can help in [http://readingrockets.org/strategies/concept_maps answering questions] such as, "What is it? What is it like? What are some examples?"   

Learning often consists of understanding the concepts that underlie an activity, or an event or an idea. The linking of related concepts enables the forming of a 'concept map' in our mind, which represents our understanding of the topic or theme.  

Learning often consists of understanding the concepts that underlie an activity, or an event or an idea. The linking of related concepts enables the forming of a 'concept map' in our mind, which represents our understanding of the topic or theme.  

File:COL - Concept Map on DST.png|Completed concept map

File:COL - Concept Map on DST.png|Completed concept map

</gallery>

</gallery>

# In the custom distribution of the Ubuntu operating system, accompanying this source book, all the required FOSS applications have been bundled.  To open Freeplane, select <u>Applications → Office →</u> <u>[https://www.freeplane.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page Freeplane]</u>, as shown in the first image in the Freeplane gallery.

# In the custom distribution of the Ubuntu operating system, all the required FOSS applications have been bundled.  To open Freeplane, select <u>Applications → Office →</u> <u>[https://www.freeplane.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page Freeplane]</u>, as shown in the first image in the Freeplane gallery.

# The second image in the gallery shows you how a new concept map appears in Freeplane.  When you open Freeplane, the application  opens a window with a box containing the  text "New mindmap".  This node, also called the "root node" will contain the core idea/ theme of the resource.  Additional ideas are added by adding more nodes, called child nodes.   

# The second image in the gallery shows you how a new concept map appears in Freeplane.  When you open Freeplane, the application  opens a window with a box containing the  text "New mindmap".  This node, also called the "root node" will contain 'topic name' or the core idea/ theme of the resource.  Additional ideas are added by adding more nodes, called child nodes.   

# The concept map gets built by adding further child nodes, for topics and sub-topics.  Use the ‘insert’ key to create a ‘child node’ this is a sub-concept of your current concept. Use the ‘enter’ key to create a ‘sibling’ this is a parallel concept to your current concept. Thus you can create a concept map, as shown in the third image, with just two functions – add child node (insert) and add sibling node (enter). The ideas you have about the topic, the sequencing of ideas and sub concepts, the specific points for each idea / sub-concept can be developed on the map.  The last image shows a completed concept map.[[File:Freeplane linking nodes.png|thumb|Image 5 - Connect two nodes]]

# The concept map gets built by adding further child nodes, for topics and sub-topics.  Use the ‘insert’ key to create a ‘child node’ this is a sub-concept of your current concept. Use the ‘enter’ key to create a ‘sibling’ this is a parallel concept to your current concept. Thus you can create a concept map, as shown in the third image, with just two functions – add child node (insert) and add sibling node (enter). The ideas you have about the topic, the sequencing of ideas and sub concepts, the specific points for each idea / sub-concept can be developed on the map.  The last image shows a completed concept map.[[File:Freeplane linking nodes.png|thumb|Image 5 - Connect two nodes]]

==== Connecting concepts (nodes) ====

==== Connecting concepts (nodes) ====

Connecting concepts supports meaning making and you can do this in Freeplane by graphically linking nodes. You can link two nodes (which are not otherwise related as parent-child) by selecting the two nodes and clicking CTRL-L. This will provide a curved arrow to connect the two nodes, see image 5. You can use this to indicate a direct linkage between the concepts represented by the two nodes, as shown in the image. As mentioned in unit 1, while specific steps (such as using CTRL-L for creating graphic links between two nodes) are provided for quick learning, it is more important to learn/understand the concept / processes (two concepts can be linked), than the specific implementation process (CTRL-L). This understanding can help us to more easily learn another tool in the same area, where the same concept/process may be implemented differently. Hence in the source book, the sections are intentionally labelled with the concept/process name, and not the technical implementation step. Memorising helps in speedy use of the tool, but there is no imperative to memorise all the short cuts, since these are usually easily available from the tool menu bar. {{clear}}

Connecting concepts supports meaning making and you can do this in Freeplane by graphically linking nodes, this is in addition to the parent-child links discussed earlier. You can link two nodes (which are not otherwise related as parent-child) by selecting the two nodes and clicking CTRL-L. This will provide a curved arrow to connect the two nodes, see image 5. You can use this to indicate a direct linkage between the concepts represented by the two nodes, as shown in the image.

==== Hyper-linking files and web-links to any node on your concept map ====

 

==== Embedding files and web-links to a concept ====

[[File:COL_-_Type_the_hyperlink_in_Concept_map.png|left|thumb|400x450px|Image 6 - Inserting hyper-link in a concept map]]You can embed a hyper-link on a node, such that clicking that node will open a page on the Internet or a file on your computer, as shown in the image. This connects a node on your map to related resources you may want the reader to access. You can also use the keyboard short cut CTRL-K to insert a web-link and SHIFT-CTRL-K to insert a link to a file on your computer.  Freeplane will open an input bar, in which you can type in the address (see Image 6). The link is indicated by a red arrow inside the node.  

[[File:COL_-_Type_the_hyperlink_in_Concept_map.png|left|thumb|400x450px|Image 6 - Inserting hyper-link in a concept map]]You can embed a hyper-link on a node, such that clicking that node will open a page on the Internet or a file on your computer, as shown in the image. This connects a node on your map to related resources you may want the reader to access. You can also use the keyboard short cut CTRL-K to insert a web-link and SHIFT-CTRL-K to insert a link to a file on your computer.  Freeplane will open an input bar, in which you can type in the address (see Image 6). The link is indicated by a red arrow inside the node.  

[[File:Freeplanelinkfile.png|thumb|400x450px|Image 7 - Linking to files on your computer]]

[[File:Freeplanelinkfile.png|thumb|400x450px|Image 7 - Linking to files on your computer]]

      

      

You can also add a hyper-link to a local file on your computer. If you select When you click on Edit-->Link-->Add Hyperlink (choose) allows you to link to a file on a folder on your computer. The third image shows how to choose a file from your folders to link (see Image 7). For instance, if you would like to display an image associated with a node, you can link the image file to the node and clicking the arrow, will open the image. You can link any file. You can even link a node to another concept map, this way you could link concept maps of topics related to a subject, to provide a connected perspective on these concepts. {{clear}}

You can also add a hyper-link to a local file on your computer. When you click on Edit-->Link-->Add Hyperlink (choose) allows you to link to a file on a folder on your computer. The third image shows how to choose a file from your folders to link (see Image 7). For instance, if you would like to display an image associated with a node, you can link the image file to the node and clicking the arrow, will open the image. You can link any file. You can even link a node to another concept map, this way you could link concept maps of topics related to a subject, to provide a connected perspective on these concepts. {{clear}}

==== Adding notes and note window ====

==== Annotating a concept ====

[[File:Conceptmap3.png|thumb|400x400px|Image 8 - Notes can be added to nodes|left]]To add a note to a node, you can click on the node, go to View--->Notes--->Display note panel; this will open a window in which you can type your notes.You can change the position and size of this note window using your mouse.  

[[File:Conceptmap3.png|thumb|400x400px|Image 8 - Notes can be added to nodes|left]]To add a note to a node, you can click on the node, go to View--->Notes--->Display note panel; this will open a window in which you can type your notes.You can change the position and size of this note window using your mouse.  

The 'notes' feature allows you to provide detailed explanations, examples etc to any concept in the map. This can help you detail out your thinking on a concept. Freeplane displays a yellow label in the node, for which you have added a note.

The 'notes' feature allows you to provide detailed explanations, examples etc to any concept in the map. This can help you detail out your thinking on a concept. Freeplane displays a yellow label in the node, for which you have added a note.

These are some basic functionalities of Freeplane. For more advanced functions, you should refer to the User Manual for the application. The Freeplane tutorial is available within Freeplane itself, which you can access any time by pressing the F1 function key. ''The tutorial itself is a concept map, and you should browse this concept map, not only to get help that you may require, but also as a lesson on how a concept map can communicate so much information in such a simple manner!''

These are some basic functionalities of Freeplane. For more advanced functions, you should refer to the User Manual for the application. The Freeplane tutorial is available within Freeplane itself, which you can access any time by pressing the F1 function key. ''The tutorial itself is a concept map, and you should browse this concept map, not only to get help that you may require, but also as a lesson on how a concept map can communicate so much information in such a simple and coherent manner!''

==== Typing Kannada in Freeplane ====

==== Typing in your own language (Kannada)  ====

Freeplane will not allow you to type Kannada directly, you will need to change font family in Freeplane by the following:

By default you can type in English. To type in Kannada, you will need to change font family in Freeplane following these steps:

# Go to Tools -> Preferences -> Appearance  

# Go to Tools -> Preferences -> Appearance  

# In the font family option select Kannada fonts and click on '''Okay'''.

# In the font family option select Kannada fonts and click '''<nowiki/>'Ok''''.

# Freeplane may ask you to restart, after which you can type in Kannada.

# Freeplane may ask you to restart, after which you can type in Kannada.

'''Note:''' If you are using older version of Freeplane, this  will not work. You need to type in Kannada in LibreOffice Writer and copy paste it into Freeplane, and change the font to Kannada for each node.

The images below show you how to save and export concept maps in Freeplane. While saving the file, Freeplane will display the file browser, to allow you to select the folder in which you can save your file. By default your concept map is saved by Freeplane as a '.mm' format file, as shown in the first image. However, the concept map can be saved in many other formats. You can export the map to a text document file (in .odt or .doc formats). You can also export the map as an image (in .png or .jpeg formats) or as a web page (in .html format), as shown in the second image. By default, the file is saved in your home folder.  

==== Saving the file ====

Saving a file enables you to store it and to share a copy with others. Digital format of the resource enables us to use it resource easily across space and time!

The images below show you how to save and export concept maps in Freeplane. While saving the file, Freeplane will display the file browser, to allow you to select the folder in which you can save your file. By default your concept map is saved by Freeplane as a '.mm' format file, as shown in the first image. However, the concept map can be saved in many other formats. You can export the map to a text document file (in .odt or .doc formats). You can also export the map as an image (in .png or .jpeg formats) or as a web page (in .html format), as shown in the second image. By default, the file is saved in your home folder.

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==== '''Student activity time (3 hours)''' ====

==== '''Student activity time (3 hours)''' ====

Create a concept map for your chosen topic. Insert child nodes and sibling nodes to connect related concepts and sub concepts. Insert notes where you would like to provide a more detailed description or annotation for a concept. Insert a web link to Wikipedia for the main concept (root node). Note that simply saving the file will save it with the name you have given in the root node. Like with any editor, you can both create new maps and edit existing concept maps using Freeplane.

Create a concept map for your chosen topic. Identify related concepts. Insert child nodes and sibling nodes to connect related concepts and sub concepts. Insert notes where you would like to provide a more detailed description or annotation for a concept. Insert a web link to Wikipedia for the main concept (root node). Note that simply saving the file will save it with the name you have given in the root node. Like with any editor, you can both create new maps and edit existing concept maps using Freeplane.  

You should save the concept map in your personal digital library, you could save in a sub folder called 'concept map'. You should also save/ export the map in different formats in this folder.  

 

You should save the concept map in your personal digital library, you could save in a sub folder called 'concept map'. You should also save/ export the map in different formats in this folder. Each format has its own purpose(s), try and identify the purposes for the formats and chose the formats you export your map to.  

References: [[Learn Freeplane]]

References: [[Learn Freeplane]]

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The power of the digital concept map is that you can keep revising the nodes, adding and deleting, moving and copying nodes as you want. This makes the process quite dynamic, unlike a concept map drawn on paper. Once you have completed your concept map you can share it with your classmates for feedback with which you can refine the concept map still further.

 

''The power of the digital concept map is that you can keep revising the nodes, adding and deleting, moving and copying nodes as you want. This makes the process quite dynamic, unlike a concept map drawn on paper. Once you have completed your concept map you can share it with your classmates for feedback with which you can refine the concept map still further. The ability to keep re-using as well as editing/refining your digital resource any number of times, opens up new possibilities for sharing thoughts and understanding, and this has implications for both content and pedagogy.''

===Text editing===

===Text editing===

In the case of languages which use a script other than Latin, you must choose only [[wikipedia:Unicode_font|UNICODE font]] for the text entry. Non-UNICODE fonts are likely to not render correctly on a web page. For Kannada typing, you can chose Lohit Kannada font.  

In the case of languages which use a script other than Latin, you must choose only [[wikipedia:Unicode_font|UNICODE font]] for the text entry. Non-UNICODE fonts are likely to not render correctly on a web page. For Kannada typing, you can chose Lohit Kannada font.  

====Creating and saving a text file ====

====Creating and saving a text resource ====

<gallery mode="packed" heights="400px">

<gallery mode="packed" heights="400px">

LOI Save as.png|Save a document

LOI Save as.png|Save a document

File:LOW save Window.png|Save window  

File:LOW save Window.png|Save window  

</gallery>

</gallery>

#Saving a file - When you start entering text into the document, save your document by using SAVE option. Documents can be saved using the FILE – SAVE option or by using short-cut key CTRL+S. Always give a meaningful file name for your documents.  To save a file with another file name, you can use the Save-as option from the File menu.

#Saving a file - When you start entering text into the document, save your document by using SAVE option. Documents can be saved using the FILE – SAVE option or by using short-cut key CTRL+S. Always give a meaningful file name for your documents.  To save a file with another file name, you can use the Save-as option from the File menu. See the images in the 'Creating and saving a text file' gallery

#Saving a file - After selecting file name and folder click on "SAVE".

#Saving a file - After selecting file name and folder click on "SAVE".

#The file will be saved with a .odt extension. ODT is the short form of Open Document Text.

#The file will be saved with a .odt extension. ODT is the short form of Open Document Text.

To copy text from one place to another, or from one document to another, you can select the text, go to Edit --→ Copy and go to a different place in the document to paste it; Edit → Paste. The editing menu also has an important feature for searching selected words. You can use the Edit--> Find option for searching selected words.

To copy text from one place to another, or from one document to another, you can select the text, go to Edit --→ Copy and go to a different place in the document to paste it; Edit → Paste. The editing menu also has an important feature for searching selected words. You can use the Edit--> Find option for searching selected words.

The format option is for changing the format of the text, changing the text font, text size, page format and text wrapping options. many of these option we can use short cut icons from formatting text tool bar, the letter “B” and “I” can be used to make the text bold and italics. You can format your text in many ways either through Format--->Text (as shown in the first image) or Format--->Character (as shown in the second image) or by changing the parameters on the tool bar.  Click on the Format menu option of LibreOffice Writer to see the options. Commonly used formatting includes selecting text to highlight it through the ‘bold’ ‘italic’ or ‘underline’ functions, are shown in the third image, changing the font color or size and adding text highlighting.  <gallery mode="packed" heights="250px" caption="Formatting options">

The 'format' option is for changing the format of the text, changing the text font, text size, page format and text wrapping options. For many of these options, we can use short cut icons from formatting text tool bar, the letter “B” and “I” can be used to make the text bold and italics. You can format your text in many ways either through Format--->Text (as shown in the first image) or Format--->Character (as shown in the second image) or by changing the parameters on the tool bar.  See the images in the 'Formatting options' gallery. Click on the Format menu option of LibreOffice Writer to see the options. Commonly used formatting includes selecting text to highlight it through the ‘bold’ ‘italic’ or ‘underline’ functions, are shown in the third image, changing the font colour or size and adding text highlighting.  <gallery mode="packed" heights="250px" caption="Formatting options">

File:LOWriter2.png|Formatting text using Format--->Text

File:LOWriter2.png|Formatting text using Format--->Text

File:LOWriter3.png|Formatting text using Format ---> Character

File:LOWriter3.png|Formatting text using Format ---> Character

File:COL_-_Inserting_a_numbered_list_in_LOW.png|Numbered list in LOW

File:COL_-_Inserting_a_numbered_list_in_LOW.png|Numbered list in LOW

</gallery>

</gallery>

#The first image shows the selection of text and numbering type.   

#The first image in the gallery shows the selection of text and numbering type.   

#In the second image, you will see the numbered list under Objectives.  Hit the ‘enter’ key to go to the next line with the next number.  

#In the second image, you will see the numbered list under 'Objectives'.  Hit the ‘enter’ key to go to the next line with the next number.  

[[File:COL_-_Inserting_sub_numbering_in_LOW.png|600x600px|Inserting sub-numbering|right]] It is also possible to create sub-numbering.  For indenting and sub numbering, you can use the ‘Tab’ and 'shift Tab' keys. Hitting the tab key while at the beginning of a line, will move the cursor further and create a sub-number. Hitting Shift-Tab will move the cursor to the next higher level numbering. Using these keys, you can create any number of levels of numbering and sub-numbering.  These steps can also be followed for creating bulleted lists

[[File:COL_-_Inserting_sub_numbering_in_LOW.png|600x600px|Inserting sub-numbering|right]] It is also possible to create sub-numbering.  For indenting and sub numbering, you can use the ‘Tab’ and 'shift Tab' keys. Hitting the tab key while at the beginning of a line, will move the cursor further and create a sub-number. Hitting Shift-Tab will move the cursor to the next higher level numbering. Using these keys, you can create any number of levels of numbering and sub-numbering.  These steps can also be followed for creating 'bullet' lists

{{clear}}

{{clear}}

You may want to put a specific information inside a box to highlight it separately. You can also use box to provide additional information.  You can select Table. Select number of rows and number of columns as ‘1’. You will get a box (which is nothing but a table with one row and one column). Enter your text in this box.

You may want to put a specific information inside a box to highlight it separately. You can also use box to provide additional information.  You can select Table. Select number of rows and number of columns as ‘1’. You will get a box (which is nothing but a table with one row and one column). Enter your text in this box.

==== Insert options in a text document ====

==== Adding images and other annotations in a text document ====

The insert menu option is for inserting images, hyper links, charts, page numbers, page breaks, formulas. Page numbers can be inserted in the footer of the page. The following images show how to insert images, hyperlinks and page numbers.

The insert menu option is for inserting images, hyper links, charts, page numbers, page breaks, formulas. Page numbers can be inserted in the footer of the page. The following images show how to insert images, hyper-links and page numbers.

===== Inserting images =====

===== Inserting images =====

LO_Writer_10_Inserted_Image.png|Inserted Image View

LO_Writer_10_Inserted_Image.png|Inserted Image View

</gallery>

</gallery>

# For inserting an image - Go to Insert → Image; as shown in the first image.

# For inserting an image - Go to Insert → Image; as shown in the first image in the 'Inserting images' gallery.

#In the second image, you will see a folder from which images are to be inserted

#In the second image, you will see a folder from which images are to be inserted

#The third image shows a triangle inserted

#The third image shows a triangle inserted

===== Inserting a hyper-link =====

===== Linking to other resources =====

You can provide a hyper link in your text document to a web page. Clicking this link in the text document will open the web page (this requires internet connectivity). Inserting hyper links in relevant places in your text document, allows you to lead the reader to additional web resources. This way you need not provide information that is already publicly available, and instead focus on information or a perspective that is not available, in your document.

You can provide a hyper link in your text document to a web page. Clicking this link in the text document will open the web page (this requires internet connectivity). Inserting hyper links in relevant places in your text document, allows you to lead the reader to additional web resources. This way you need not provide information that is already publicly available, and instead focus on information or a perspective that is not available, in your document. This can be used to make your communication more succinct 

<gallery mode="packed" heights="250px">

<gallery mode="packed" heights="250px">

COL_-_Inserting_hyper_link_in_a_text_document_2_-_specifying_URL.png|Selecting the weblink to add from the insert option

COL_-_Inserting_hyper_link_in_a_text_document_2_-_specifying_URL.png|Selecting the weblink to add from the insert option

</gallery>

</gallery>

#LibreOffice Writer allows you to easily insert this information at the bottom or top of each page. This can be done using Insert--->Footer, as shown in the first image below.   

#LibreOffice Writer allows you to easily insert this information at the bottom or top of each page. This can be done using Insert--->Footer, as shown in the first image in the gallery.   

#Once a footer has been inserted, you can go to the bottom of the page and insert multiple fields of information using Insert--->Fields, as shown in the second image. You can type any text in this footer, it will come on all pages. Other than page number, other dynamic information you can provide is the date/time stamp of the document. A similar method can also be adopted for inserting a header as well.  Page numbers can also be inserted directly using Insert--->Page Number.

#Once a footer has been inserted, you can go to the bottom of the page and insert multiple fields of information using Insert--->Fields, as shown in the second image. You can type any text in this footer, it will come on all pages. Other than page number, other dynamic information you can provide is the date/time stamp of the document. A similar method can also be adopted for inserting a header as well.  Page numbers can also be inserted directly using Insert--->Page Number. Providing this information makes it easier to read the document

==== Continuing editing your text document ====

==== Continuing editing your text document ====

You can re-open this file any time to continue editing your text document using LibreOffice Writer. You can add, move, modify and remove text. You can format your text in different ways, insert images, web links and other annotations like footnotes etc. In this way, you can keep enhancing your text resource on your topic regularly.   

You can re-open this file any time to continue editing your text document using LibreOffice Writer. You can add, move, modify and remove text. You can format your text in different ways, insert images, web links and other annotations like footnotes etc. In this way, you can keep enhancing your text resource on your topic regularly.   

==== Power of digital text editing ====

==== Power of digital 'writing' ====

You have seen that text is another form of data and text can be organized in different ways using different tools.  

''You have seen that text is another form of data and text can be organized in different ways using different tools.''

* When text is entered digitally, it can be edited easily.

* ''When text is entered digitally, it can be edited easily.''

* A text editor like LibreOffice Writer allows text to be entered, formatted and presented in different ways and designed for printing. The text document also can add links to other files or resources on the computer or the internet. It is the most advanced tool available for creating textual outputs. Text can be copied, pasted and formatted differently. Some features like copy-paste are available across most applications  

* ''A text editor like LibreOffice Writer allows text to be entered, formatted and presented in different ways and designed for printing. The text document also can add links to other files or resources on the computer or the internet. It is the most advanced tool available for creating textual outputs. Text can be copied, pasted and formatted differently. Some features like copy-paste are available across most applications''

* In addition to this, presentation software, such as LibreOffice Impress is also available which allows combining text and images as well as embedding of videos to make a multimedia presentation.

* In addition to this, presentation software, such as LibreOffice Impress is also available which allows combining text and images as well as embedding of videos to make a multimedia presentation.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"