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Line 172: − − ==== Interacting with the operating system ==== − Ubuntu performs other basic functions expected of an operating system, including the following: − # You can login and logout, and your user data will be secure within your own login − ## '''Logging in''': When you switch on your computer, you will see a login screen. Login with the user id (name) and password created by the system administrator. Ubuntu allows you to have a user interface in your own language, by specifying your language as the user language, during your user id creation. Once you have logged in, the home screen will appear. − ## '''Shutting down the computer-''' After you have finished your work, you have to turn off the computer. You must turn it off by clicking on the last button on the right hand top corner and select shut down. Never turn off the power button without shutting the computer properly, as it can cause files to corrupt. − # Users can browse (and search for) the folders and files on the computer using Nautilus file browser − # Users can use different applications on their computer for creating and accessing files. You will learn some of these applications in unit 2 (generic resource creation). The custom Ubuntu distribution comes bundled with a large number of educational applications as well as generic text, image, audio, video, animation resource authoring tools. − # Users can connect to other ICT devices - printers and scanners, mobile phones, pen drives, external hard disks and storage devices, external DVD writers etc. − # Users can connect to their local area network and the internet. − − ==== Adding FOSS applications to your computer ==== − [[File:Edubuntu 1 Education Menu has many educational Applications.png|thumb|Educational applications menu in Ubuntu]] − While Ubuntu will come bundled with many applications, you can also add more FOSS applications to your computer. Go to Applications > System Tools -> Software. You will need to type the required application name in the search bar. It will show all applications with the words you have entered and you will get an option for "Install". Click on "Install" if you want to install the application. If your search does not get the application(s) you want, try with fewer letters / words to search . It may ask your Ubuntu log in password for authentication, just type your Ubuntu password press enter. − − As explained in the overview, practice activities will be provided at relevant points in the source book, to integrate theory and practice. These practice activities will need to be done in your ICT Lab.
TE year1sourcebook/Topics of Study in the Unit (view source)
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==== ICT environment - Software ====
===== ICT environment - Software =====
We saw earlier that each ICT device must have an [[wikipedia:Operating_system|operating system]] (also called system software) to run other applications or programmes. Operating system starts automatically when you turn on the computer, this process is termed [[wikipedia:Booting|booting]]. All the other software to paint, type, listen to music, learn maths etc., are called application software or 'Apps' which work with the system software. We will use the [[wikipedia:Ubuntu_(operating_system)|Ubuntu]] ‘[[wikipedia:Free_and_open-source_software|Free and Open Source Software]]’ (called FOSS in short) operating system for our paper. Operating systems use a program called the Graphical User Interface (GUI, which is pronounced as goo-ee), to access the computer with a mouse. The popular operating systems are Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux and Mac OSx. You will learn about the functions of an operating system, using an example of '''Ubuntu''' GNU/Linux operating system. With this learning, you can also operate a computer with Windows of Mac operating systems. Since Ubuntu is a FOSS operating system, FOSS applications like Office suite, web browser, educational software can be bundled with Ubuntu GNU/Linux operating system. All these applications will be installed on the computer along with the operating system.
We saw earlier that each ICT device must have an [[wikipedia:Operating_system|operating system]] (also called system software) to run other applications or programmes. Operating system starts automatically when you turn on the computer, this process is termed [[wikipedia:Booting|booting]]. All the other software to paint, type, listen to music, learn maths etc., are called application software or 'Apps' which work with the system software. We will use the [[wikipedia:Ubuntu_(operating_system)|Ubuntu]] ‘[[wikipedia:Free_and_open-source_software|Free and Open Source Software]]’ (called FOSS in short) operating system for our paper. Operating systems use a program called the Graphical User Interface (GUI, which is pronounced as goo-ee), to access the computer with a mouse. The popular operating systems are Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux and Mac OSx. You will learn about the functions of an operating system, using an example of '''Ubuntu''' GNU/Linux operating system. With this learning, you can also operate a computer with Windows of Mac operating systems. Since Ubuntu is a FOSS operating system, FOSS applications like Office suite, web browser, educational software can be bundled with Ubuntu GNU/Linux operating system. All these applications will be installed on the computer along with the operating system.
In the computers in your lab, a custom distribution of Ubuntu [[wikipedia:Linux|GNU/Linux]] operating system which contains all the educational software applications and utilities required to transact this paper, would have been installed. A copy of the Ubuntu custom distribution could be obtained from DSERT, if required. In case you need to install the system on the institution computers, or you would like to install in your own computer, you can do so. Being able to install the operating system itself on your computer is an empowering process. In many cases, if you face problems while using your computer, including serious issues such as hard disk crash, you can re-install the operating system to start using your computer again. The installation process for the custom Ubuntu GNU/Linux system is available in this [https://teacher-network.in/OER/images/8/8e/Ubuntu_16.04_installation_as_stand_alone_OS.pdf document] and you can become more familiar with your computer by [[Explore a computer|exploring it]].
In the computers in your lab, a custom distribution of Ubuntu [[wikipedia:Linux|GNU/Linux]] operating system which contains all the educational software applications and utilities required to transact this paper, would have been installed. A copy of the Ubuntu custom distribution could be obtained from DSERT, if required. In case you need to install the system on the institution computers, or you would like to install in your own computer, you can do so. Being able to install the operating system itself on your computer is an empowering process. In many cases, if you face problems while using your computer, including serious issues such as hard disk crash, you can re-install the operating system to start using your computer again. The installation process for the custom Ubuntu GNU/Linux system is available in this [https://teacher-network.in/OER/images/8/8e/Ubuntu_16.04_installation_as_stand_alone_OS.pdf document] and you can become more familiar with your computer by [[Explore a computer|exploring it]].
==== Learning to input with keyboard ====
==== Interacting with the operating system ====
Ubuntu performs other basic functions expected of an operating system, including the following:
# You can login and logout, and your user data will be secure within your own login
## '''Logging in''': When you switch on your computer, you will see a login screen. Login with the user id (name) and password created by the system administrator. Ubuntu allows you to have a user interface in your own language, by specifying your language as the user language, during your user id creation. Once you have logged in, the home screen will appear.
## '''Shutting down the computer-''' After you have finished your work, you have to turn off the computer. You must turn it off by clicking on the last button on the right hand top corner and select shut down. Never turn off the power button without shutting the computer properly, as it can cause files to corrupt.
# Users can browse (and search for) the folders and files on the computer using Nautilus file browser
# Users can use different applications on their computer for creating and accessing files. You will learn some of these applications in unit 2 (generic resource creation). The custom Ubuntu distribution comes bundled with a large number of educational applications as well as generic text, image, audio, video, animation resource authoring tools.
# Users can connect to other ICT devices - printers and scanners, mobile phones, pen drives, external hard disks and storage devices, external DVD writers etc.
# Users can connect to their local area network and the internet.
==== Adding FOSS applications to your computer ====
While Ubuntu will come bundled with many applications, you can also add more FOSS applications to your computer. Go to Applications > System Tools -> Software. You will need to type the required application name in the search bar. It will show all [[File:Edubuntu 1 Education Menu has many educational Applications.png|thumb|Educational applications menu in Ubuntu]]applications with the words you have entered and you will get an option for "Install". Click on "Install" if you want to install the application. If your search does not get the application(s) you want, try with fewer letters / words to search . It may ask your Ubuntu log in password for authentication, just type your Ubuntu password press enter.
As explained in the overview, practice activities will be provided at relevant points in the source book, to integrate theory and practice. These practice activities will need to be done in your ICT Lab.
===== Learning to input with keyboard =====
Most of the instructions / input is given to the computer through the keyboard, hence it is important that teachers should be able to type efficiently, using all their fingers. Typing using the correct finger for each key on the keyboard will help improve the speed of input enormously. It will enable the teacher to type without seeing the keyboard, and seeing the monitor during typing, will enable spotting of any mistakes immediately. Earlier to learn typing, one had to go to a typing class, but now the computer has [[Learn Tux Typing|Tux Typing software]] that you can use to learn typing.
Most of the instructions / input is given to the computer through the keyboard, hence it is important that teachers should be able to type efficiently, using all their fingers. Typing using the correct finger for each key on the keyboard will help improve the speed of input enormously. It will enable the teacher to type without seeing the keyboard, and seeing the monitor during typing, will enable spotting of any mistakes immediately. Earlier to learn typing, one had to go to a typing class, but now the computer has [[Learn Tux Typing|Tux Typing software]] that you can use to learn typing.
# Numeric keypad: The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine. This block may not be available on all keyboards, numbers are also provided in the top rung of the keyboard
# Numeric keypad: The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine. This block may not be available on all keyboards, numbers are also provided in the top rung of the keyboard
===== Working with the Tux Typing application =====
====== Working with the Tux Typing application ======
To open Tux Typing go to '''Application > Education>Tux Typing'''
To open Tux Typing go to '''Application > Education>Tux Typing'''
==== Learning to input with the mouse ====
==== Learning to input with the mouse ====
Initially, the keyboard was the only device for providing instructions to the computer, but with the invention of the 'graphic user interface' (GUI in short), the mouse became an important input device. The mouse makes giving instructions much simpler by pointing the cursor to a place on the screen and clicking to select an instruction. You can become comfortable in using the mouse by practising with Tux Paint. Tux Paint features a simple interface and a fixed drawing area with access to previously made images using icons. [[Learn Tux Paint|Tux Paint]] is equipped with cartoon mascots which can encourage students to learn to use the mouse.
Initially, the keyboard was the only device for providing instructions to the computer, but with the invention of the 'graphic user interface' (GUI in short), the mouse became an important input device. The mouse makes giving instructions much simpler by pointing the cursor to a place on the screen and clicking to select an instruction. You can become comfortable in using the mouse by practising with Tux Paint. Tux Paint features a simple interface and a fixed drawing area with access to previously made images using icons. [[Learn Tux Paint|Tux Paint]] is equipped with cartoon mascots which can encourage students to learn to use the mouse.
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