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{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|1. Scanner (nowadays this is in mobile itself, hence it not very much used)

|1. Scanner (nowadays scanning function is available in the mobile phone, hence a separate scanner is not often used)

|2. CPU – This is the processing unit.  Many “chips” are there which determine the speed of computer.  For example  Intel core is a chip.

|2. CPU – This is the processing unit.  Many “chips” are there which determine the speed of computer.  For example  i5 is a chip manufactured by Intel.

|-

|-

|3. Main Memory: RAM: This determines how fast the computer works

|3. Main Memory: RAM: This is the storage space in the computer to store your work. The size of RAM (Random Access Memory) determines how fast the computer works

|4. Expansion  cards

|4. Expansion  cards

|-

|-

'''Hardware''': Parts 2-8, 10, 13 and 14 constitute basic hardware and are parts of all computing devices. These have now all been combined into one unit in a laptop or mobile. Largely, the hardware is divided into input, storage and output functions.

'''Hardware''': Parts 2-8, 10, 13 and 14 constitute basic hardware and are parts of all computing devices. These have now all been combined into one unit in a laptop or mobile. Largely, the hardware is divided into input, storage and output functions.

'''Internet connectivity devices: A''' modem is used for connecting the computer- laptop or mobile to the internet through a broadband connection. In a networked environment, this modem will be used together with a Local Area Network (LAN).

'''Internet connectivity devices:''' A modem is used for connecting the computer- laptop or mobile to the internet, through a broadband connection. In a networked environment, this modem will be used together with a Local Area Network (LAN).

'''Peripherals:'''  Speakers, external hard disk and printers are important peripherals that are used for storing and output and these can be connected to the computer or laptop.  An important peripheral is a modem for connecting to the internet.

'''Peripherals:'''  Speakers, external hard disk and printers are important peripherals that are used for storing and output and these can be connected to the computer or laptop.

=== Learning to input with keyboard ===

=== Learning to input with keyboard ===

Most of the instructions / input to the computer is through the keyboard and hence it is important that teachers should be able to type in the correct manner, using all their fingers. Typing using the right finger for each key on the keyboard will help improve the speed of input enormously. Learning the Keyboard will enable the teacher to type without seeing the keyboard, seeing the monitor will enable spotting of any typing mistakes immediately.

Most of the instructions / input is given to the computer through the keyboard, hence it is important that teachers should be able to type efficiently, using all their fingers. Typing using the correct finger for each key on the keyboard will help improve the speed of input enormously. It will enable the teacher to type without seeing the keyboard, and seeing the monitor during typing, will enable spotting of any mistakes immediately.

Earlier to learn typing, one had to go to a typing class, but now the computer has software that you can use to learn typing, visit [[Learn Tux Typing]]

Earlier to learn typing, one had to go to a typing class, but now the computer has [[Learn Tux Typing|software]] that you can use to learn typing.

=== Brief information about the keyboard ===

=== Brief information about the keyboard ===

# Special purpose keys: These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain actions, such as CTRL, ALT,  ESC, Function keys etc.

# Special purpose keys: These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain actions, such as CTRL, ALT,  ESC, Function keys etc.

# Navigation keys: These keys are used for moving around in documents / editing text. They include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE and INSERT.

# Navigation keys: These keys are used for moving around in documents / editing text. They include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE and INSERT.

# Numeric keypad: The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine.  

# Numeric keypad: The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine. This block may not be available on all keyboards, numbers are also provided in the top rung of the keyboard

=== Learning to input with the mouse ===

=== Learning to input with the mouse ===

Initially, the keyboard was the only device for providing instructions to the computer, but with the invention of the '[[wikipedia:Graphical_user_interface|graphic user interface]]' (GUI in short), the mouse became an important input device. The mouse makes giving instructions much simpler by point the cursor at a place on the screen and clicking to select an instruction. You can become comfortable in using the mouse through [[Learn Tux Paint]]. Tux Paint features a simple interface and a fixed drawing area with access to previously made images using icons. Tux Paint is equipped with a lot of tools such as cartoon mascots which can encourage students  to learn to use the mouse.

Initially, the keyboard was the only device for providing instructions to the computer, but with the invention of the '[[wikipedia:Graphical_user_interface|graphic user interface]]' (GUI in short), the mouse became an important input device. The mouse makes giving instructions much simpler by pointing the cursor to a place on the screen and clicking to select an instruction. You can become comfortable in using the mouse by practising with [[Learn Tux Paint|Tux Paint]]. Tux Paint features a simple interface and a fixed drawing area with access to previously made images using icons. Tux Paint is equipped with cartoon mascots which can encourage students  to learn to use the mouse.

=== Operating System ===

=== Operating System ===

We need a special computer program to explain our instructions to the computer, this is called the '''[[wikipedia:Operating_system|Operating system]]'''  or system software. Every computer must have an operating system to run other computer programmes. Even your mobile phones have an operating system. Operating systems start automatically when you turn on the computer, this process is termed '''booting.''' All the other computer programmes like programmes to paint, type, listen to music, learn maths etc., are called '''[[wikipedia:Application_software|application software]]''' or 'Apps' which work with the system software. People who write programmes are called computer programmers or software developers. On any computer you will have software to paint, to type letters, to watch movies, to find something on the Internet, to learn maths.  

We need a special computer program to explain our instructions to the computer, this is called the '''[[wikipedia:Operating_system|Operating system]]'''  (or system software). Every computer must have an operating system to run other computer programmes. Even your mobile phones have an operating system. Operating systems start automatically when you turn on the computer, this process is termed '''booting.''' All the other computer programmes like programmes to paint, type, listen to music, learn maths etc., are called '''[[wikipedia:Application_software|application software]]''' or 'Apps' which work with the system software. People who write programmes are called computer programmers or software developers. On any computer you will have software to paint, to type letters, to watch movies, to find something on the Internet, to learn maths.  

You can become comfortable in using the Ubuntu GNU/Linux operating system through [[Learn Ubuntu]].   

You can become comfortable in using the Ubuntu GNU/Linux operating system through [[Learn Ubuntu]].   

''The operating system is like the Foundation of a building. By itself it may seem to be very useful, but it is the basis for all other applications (other floors of the building, which are used by us)''

''The operating system is like the Foundation of a building. By itself it may seem to be very useful, but it is the basis for all other applications (other floors of the building, which are used by us)''