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===Introduction===

===Introduction===

Operating system is also called system software as it works with the hardware. Every computer must have an operating system to run other computer programmes. Even your mobile phone will have an operating system. Operating systems start automatically when you turn on the computer, this process is termed booting. All the other computer programmes like programmes to paint, type, listen to music, learn maths etc., are called application software or 'Apps' which work with the system software.

Operating system is also called system software as it works with the hardware. Every computer must have an operating system to run other computer programs. Even your mobile phone will have an operating system. Operating systems start automatically when you turn on the computer, this process is termed as booting. All the other computer programs like programs to paint, type, listen to music, learn mathmatics etc., are called application software or 'Apps' which work with the system software.

Ubuntu is a ‘[[wikipedia:Free_and_open-source_software|Free and Open Source Software]]’ (called FOSS in short) operating system. You may be familiar with Microsoft Windows operating system or used an application called Adobe Reader.  Windows or Adobe Photoshop are ‘[[wikipedia:Proprietary|proprietary]]’ , meaning they cannot be copied or shared or modified by us; FOSS applications are licensed under the ‘General Public License’ which allows all of us to share the software freely, we can also modify the software as per our needs.

Ubuntu is a ‘[[wikipedia:Free_and_open-source_software|Free and Open Source Software]]’ (called FOSS in short) operating system. You may be familiar with Microsoft Windows operating system or used an application called Adobe Reader.  Windows or Adobe Photoshop are ‘[[wikipedia:Proprietary|proprietary]]’ , meaning they cannot be copied or shared or modified by us; FOSS applications are licensed under the ‘General Public License’ which allows all of us to share the software freely, we can also modify the software as per our needs. Hence it is important to use FOSS in our schools. Teachers must learn and teach FOSS and avoid use of proprietary software, since it is not possible for all to access and use proprietary software, and not possible for anyone (other than the vendor) to study or improve the software.

Hence it is important to use FOSS in our schools. Teachers must learn and teach FOSS and avoid use of proprietary software, since it is not possible for all to access and use proprietary software, and not possible for anyone (other than the vendor) to study or improve the software.

Since all the software like [[wikipedia:Productivity_software#Office_suite|Office suite]], [[wikipedia:Web_browser|web browser]], educational software can be bundled with Ubuntu GNU/Linux operating system, all these applications can be installed on the computer at one time. On proprietary software Windows, each software has to be separately installed, which can make it cumbersome and time consuming.

Since all the software like [[wikipedia:Productivity_software#Office_suite|Office suite]], [[wikipedia:Web_browser|web browser]], educational software can be bundled with Ubuntu GNU/Linux operating system, all these applications can be installed on the computer at one time. On proprietary software Windows, each software has to be separately installed, which can make it cumbersome and time consuming. Operating systems use a program called the [[wikipedia:Graphical_user_interface|Graphical User Interface]] (GUI) to access other computer with a [[wikipedia:Pointing_device|mouse]].  The popular operating systems are [[wikipedia:Microsoft_Windows|Microsoft Windows]], [[wikipedia:Linux|GNU/Linux]] and [[wikipedia:MacOS|Mac OS]]. In this section, you will learn about the functions of an operating system, using an example of [[Learn Ubuntu|Ubuntu]] GNU/Linux operating system. With this learning, you can also operate a computer with Windows of Mac operating systems. Remember that we are focusing on learning the processes of any software application, so that we can, with that learning, use similar other applications.

Operating systems use a program called the [[wikipedia:Graphical_user_interface|Graphical User Interface]] (GUI, which is pronounced as goo-ee), to access other computer with a [[wikipedia:Pointing_device|mouse]].  The popular operating systems are [[wikipedia:Microsoft_Windows|Microsoft Windows]], [[wikipedia:Linux|GNU/Linux]] and [[wikipedia:MacOS|Mac OSx]]. In this section, you will learn about the functions of an operating system, using an example of [[Learn Ubuntu|Ubuntu]] GNU/Linux operating system. With this learning, you can also operate a computer with Windows of Mac operating systems. Remember that we are focusing on learning the processes of any software application, so that we can, with that learning, use similar other applications.

====Basic information====

====Basic information====

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

===Working with the application===

===Working with the application===

====Starting and shutting down your computer====

====Starting and shutting down your computer====

[[File:Ubuntu login screen.png|left|thumb|Ubuntu login screen]]

File:Ubuntu Login screen.png|Ubuntu login screen

[[File:Shutdown the computer.png|thumb|Shutdown the computer]]

File:Edubuntu 1 Education Menu has many educational Applications.png|Ubuntu Home screen

[[File:Ubuntu home screen.png|center|thumb|288x288px|Ubuntu home screen]]

File:Shut_down_option_1.png|Shutdown the computer

 

</gallery>The above images show you the basic Ubuntu interface.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The above images show you the basic Ubuntu interface.  

#'''Logging in''': When you switch on your computer, you will see a login screen. Login with the user id (name) and password created by the system administrator. '''Ubuntu''' allows you to have a user interface in your own language, by specifying your language as the user language, during your user id creation. Once you have logged in, the home screen will appear.

#'''Logging in''': When you switch on your computer, you will see a login screen. Login with the user id (name) and password created by the system administrator. '''Ubuntu''' allows you to have a user interface in your own language, by specifying your language as the user language, during your user id creation. Once you have logged in, the home screen will appear.

#The second image shows you the Ubuntu home screen.  The applications menu at the top left has a list of all the programmes (apps) on your computer. The '''Places''' menu, next to it, lets you access the 'places' on your computer including the hard disk, CD/DVD or pen drives. Digital cameras and MP3 players are also listed here when plugged-in.  The '''Applications''' menu has sub menus for Education, Office, Internet, Games etc. Each sub-menu has many applications. You can try to learn them yourselves by clicking and selecting options.

#The second image shows you the Ubuntu home screen.  The applications menu at the top left has a list of all the programs (apps) on your computer. The '''Places''' menu, next to it, lets you access the 'places' on your computer including the hard disk, CD/DVD or pen drives. Digital cameras and MP3 players are also listed here when plugged-in.  The '''Applications''' menu has sub menus for Education, Office, Internet, Games etc. Each sub-menu has many applications. You can try to learn them yourselves by clicking and selecting options.

#'''Shutting down the computer-''' What will you do after you have finished your work? You have to turn off the computer. You must turn it off by clicking on the last button on the right hand top corner and select shut down. Never turn off the power button without shutting the computer properly.  

#'''Shutting down the computer-''' What will you do after you have finished your work? You have to turn off the computer. You must turn it off by clicking on the last button on the right hand top corner and select shut down. Never turn off the power button without shutting the computer properly.  

====Creating and managing folders and files====  

====Creating and managing folders and files====