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Researchers have developed various frameworks and categorization strategies to analyze and understand teacher beliefs. These frameworks can aid educators to explore different aspects of teacher beliefs and their relationships with teaching practices, student learning, and educational aims and contexts. Here are a few frameworks/ categorization strategies relevant to our context:

Researchers have developed various frameworks and categorization strategies to analyze and understand teacher beliefs. These frameworks can aid educators to explore different aspects of teacher beliefs and their relationships with teaching practices, student learning, and educational aims and contexts. Here are a few frameworks/ categorization strategies relevant to our context:

# '''Epistemological Beliefs Framework''' (Schommer, 1990) This framework focuses on teachers' epistemological beliefs, which are their beliefs about the nature of knowledge and learning. It categorizes beliefs along five dimensions: the stability of knowledge, the structure of knowledge, the source of knowledge, the ability to learn, and the speed of learning. For example, exploring how teacher beliefs about the nature of knowledge and learning influence their instructional practices, assessment strategies, and interactions with students.

# '''Epistemological Beliefs Framework''' (Schommer, 1990): This framework focuses on teachers' epistemological beliefs, which are their beliefs about the nature of knowledge and learning. It categorizes beliefs along five dimensions: the stability of knowledge, the structure of knowledge, the source of knowledge, the ability to learn, and the speed of learning. For example, exploring how teacher beliefs about the nature of knowledge and learning influence their instructional practices, assessment strategies, and interactions with students.

# '''Beliefs about Teaching and Learning (BATL) Framework''' (Samuelowicz & Bain, 2001) The BATL framework categorizes teacher beliefs along two dimensions: beliefs about teaching and beliefs about learning. Within each dimension, beliefs can range from a teacher-focused perspective to a student-focused perspective. For example, teacher beliefs about teaching, ranging from knowledge transmission to facilitation of learning, and beliefs about learning, ranging from passive acquisition to active construction of knowledge.

# '''Beliefs about Teaching and Learning (BATL) Framework''' (Samuelowicz & Bain, 2001): The BATL framework categorises teacher beliefs along two dimensions: beliefs about teaching and beliefs about learning. Within each dimension, beliefs can range from a teacher-focused perspective to a student-focused perspective. For example, teacher beliefs about teaching, ranging from knowledge transmission to facilitation of learning, and beliefs about learning, ranging from passive acquisition to active construction of knowledge.

# '''Cultural Beliefs and Practices Framework''' (Trumbull et al., 2001) This framework emphasizes the influence of cultural beliefs and practices on teaching and learning. It categorizes teacher beliefs based on their alignment with specific cultural perspectives, such as individualism versus collectivism, power, gender, and views on knowledge acquisition. For example, investigating how teachers' cultural beliefs shape their classroom practices, communication styles, and interactions with students from diverse backgrounds.

# '''Cultural Beliefs and Practices Framework''' (Trumbull et al., 2001): This framework emphasizes the influence of cultural beliefs and practices on teaching and learning. It categorizes teacher beliefs based on their alignment with specific cultural perspectives, such as individualism versus collectivism, power, gender, and views on knowledge acquisition. For example, investigating how teachers' cultural beliefs shape their classroom practices, communication styles, and interactions with students from diverse backgrounds.

# '''Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) Framework''' (Mishra & Koehler, 2006)   The TPCK framework proposes that effective teaching requires the integration of three core components: content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and technological knowledge. Within this framework, educators can categorize teacher beliefs based on their perceptions and understanding of each component, as well as the intersections between them. For example, exploring teacher beliefs about the use of technology in subject-specific contexts (Technological Content Knowledge) or the pedagogical strategies for effectively integrating technology into teaching (Technological Pedagogical Knowledge).

# '''Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK) Framework''' (Mishra & Koehler, 2006): The TPCK framework proposes that effective teaching requires the integration of three core components: content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and technological knowledge. Within this framework, educators can categorize teacher beliefs based on their perceptions and understanding of each component, as well as the intersections between them. For example, exploring teacher beliefs about the use of technology in subject-specific contexts (Technological Content Knowledge) or the pedagogical strategies for effectively integrating technology into teaching (Technological Pedagogical Knowledge).

# '''Beliefs about Language Learning (BALL) Framework''' (Barcelos, 2003) The BALL framework focuses specifically on teacher beliefs related to language learning and teaching. It categorizes beliefs based on various aspects, such as the role of the teacher, the role of the learner, the nature of language learning, and the importance of culture and context. Educators could explore how teacher beliefs about language learning influence their instructional approaches, curriculum design, and assessment strategies in language classrooms.

# '''Beliefs about Language Learning (BALL) Framework''' (Barcelos, 2003): The BALL framework focuses specifically on teacher beliefs related to language learning and teaching. It categorizes beliefs based on various aspects, such as the role of the teacher, the role of the learner, the nature of language learning, and the importance of culture and context. Educators could explore how teacher beliefs about language learning influence their instructional approaches, curriculum design, and assessment strategies in language classrooms.