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==== Learning to use a digital concept map editor ====

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[[File:Freeplane logo.png|frameless|20x20px|link=https://teacher-network.in/OER/index.php/File:Freeplane_logo.png]][[wikipedia:Freeplane|Freeplane]] is a FOSS application that can be used to create concept maps; in this unit you will learn how to use [[wikipedia:Freeplane|Freeplane]] and its key functionalities.You can view concept maps through Freeplane reader on Android mobile phones. The following gallery of images (Image 1-4)

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[[File:Freeplane logo.png|frameless|20x20px|link=https://teacher-network.in/OER/index.php/File:Freeplane_logo.png]][[wikipedia:Freeplane|Freeplane]] is a FOSS application that can be used to create concept maps; in this unit you will learn how to use [[wikipedia:Freeplane|Freeplane]] and its key functionalities.You can view concept maps through Freeplane reader on Android mobile phones. The following gallery of images (Image 1-4) will introduce you to Freeplane.

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Saving a file enables you to store it and to share a copy with others. Digital format of the resource enables us to use it resource easily across space and time!

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COL-saving_freeplane.png|thumb|400x450px|Image 9 - Saving a concept map in Freeplane~~|left~~

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COL-saving_freeplane.png|thumb|400x450px|Image 9 - Saving a concept map in Freeplane

COL_Freeplane_export.png|thumb|400x450px|Image 10 - Saving / exporting a Freeplane concept map in multiple formats

</gallery>

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~~''You should make concept mapping a habit. It is a wonderful way to think and document your ideas.''~~

{| class="wikitable"

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==== ~~'''~~Student activity time (3 hours)~~'''~~ ====

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==== Student activity time (3 hours) ====

Create a concept map for your chosen topic. Identify related concepts. Insert child nodes and sibling nodes to connect related concepts and sub concepts. Insert notes where you would like to provide a more detailed description or annotation for a concept. Insert a web link to Wikipedia for the main concept (root node). Note that simply saving the file will save it with the name you have given in the root node. Like with any editor, you can both create new maps and edit existing concept maps using Freeplane.

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''The power of the digital concept map is that you can keep revising the nodes, adding and deleting, moving and copying nodes as you want. This makes the process quite dynamic, unlike a concept map drawn on paper. ~~Once you have completed your~~ concept map ~~you~~ can ~~share it with your classmates for feedback with which you can refine the concept map still further~~. The ability to keep re-using as well as editing/refining your digital resource any number of times, opens up new possibilities for sharing thoughts and understanding, and this has implications for both content and pedagogy.''

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==== Pedagogical possibilities ====

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Textual representation has often been limited to writing in a linear text document, often forcing the writer to express their thoughts in a fully structured way. Ability to think laterally, making connections are all important for learning and can read to richness in expression. Often, a concept map can help in the laying out of the ideas, with all their connections and this can be structured further in a linear text document. Once you have completed your concept map you can share it with your classmates for feedback with which you can refine the concept map still further. The power of the digital concept map, further, is that you can keep revising the nodes, adding and deleting, moving and copying nodes as you want. This makes the process quite dynamic, unlike a concept map drawn on paper. The digital allows modification of the concept map and can be a very useful way to capture ideas in a group discussion or brainstorming. The ability to keep re-using as well as editing/refining your digital resource any number of times, opens up new possibilities for sharing thoughts and understanding, and this has implications for both content and pedagogy, supporting both individual and group learning processes.

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===Text editing===

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=== Text editing ===

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Text is a familiar resource format, the most common resource with a teacher, is the 'text book'. You will learn to use a text editor application to create digital text resources and combine text with other formats. You will use the FOSS Office Suite application called ''LibreOffice'' ''Writer (''LibreOffice Writer) to create a text document. Open LibreOffice Writer on your computer, through Applications → Office – [http://libreoffice.org/ LibreOffice Writer]. In Android Mobiles you can view text documents through "OpenDocumentReader" App or WPS Office App

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Text is a familiar resource format, the most common resource with a teacher, is the 'text book'. You will learn to use a text editor application to create digital text resources and combine text with other formats. You will use the FOSS Office Suite application called ''LibreOffice'' ''Writer (''LibreOffice Writer) to create a text document. Open LibreOffice Writer on your computer, through Applications → Office – [http://libreoffice.org/ LibreOffice Writer]. In Android Mobiles you can view text documents through "OpenDocumentReader" App or WPS Office App. Image 11 below shows how to open LibreOffice Writer.

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[[File:COL_-_Opening_LibreOffice_Writer.png|thumb|459x459px|Opening Libreoffice Writer|left]]

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[[File:COL_-_Opening_LibreOffice_Writer.png|thumb|459x459px|Image 11 - Opening Libreoffice Writer|left]]

==== Entering and formatting text ====

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====Creating and saving a text resource ====

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The following image gallery (Images 12,13) show you how to save a text file using LibreOffice Writer.<gallery mode="packed" heights="400px">

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LOI Save as.png|Save a document

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LOI Save as.png|Image 12 - Save a document

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File:LOW save Window.png|Save window

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File:LOW save Window.png|Image 13 - Save window

</gallery>

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#Saving a file - When you start entering text into the document, save your document by using SAVE option. Documents can be saved using the FILE – SAVE option or by using short-cut key CTRL+S. Always give a meaningful file name for your documents. To save a file with another file name, you can use the Save-as option from the File menu. See the images in the 'Creating and saving a text file' gallery

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#Saving a file - When you start entering text into the document, save your document by using SAVE option. The first image (Image 12) shows you to save a file after entering text. Documents can be saved using the FILE – SAVE option or by using short-cut key CTRL+S. Always give a meaningful file name for your documents. To save a file with another file name, you can use the Save-as option from the File menu. See the images in the 'Creating and saving a text file' gallery

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#Saving a file - After selecting file name and folder click on "SAVE".

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#Saving a file - After selecting file name and folder click on "SAVE" (Image 13).

#The file will be saved with a .odt extension. ODT is the short form of Open Document Text.

====LibreOffice Writer menu bar====

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File:LO_Writer_4_Menu_Bar.png|LibreOffice Writer menu bar

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File:LO_Writer_4_Menu_Bar.png|Image 14 - LibreOffice Writer menu bar

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</gallery>The LibreOffice menu bar has multiple options for file operations (including saving discussed above), editing, viewing the document, inserting images, links, tables, etc in the document and formatting and defining styles in the document. There is also a tools option with functionalities for spell check, grammar, defining frequently used words, etc. You can either click on the menu bar on each item or click on the symbols shown for each. The commonly used options are discussed below.

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</gallery>The LibreOffice menu bar shown in the above image (Image 14) has multiple options for file operations (including saving discussed above), editing, viewing the document, inserting images, links, tables, etc in the document and formatting and defining styles in the document. There is also a tools option with functionalities for spell check, grammar, defining frequently used words, etc. You can either click on the menu bar on each item or click on the symbols shown for each. The commonly used options are discussed below.

====Editing and formatting text====

To copy text from one place to another, or from one document to another, you can select the text, go to Edit --→ Copy and go to a different place in the document to paste it; Edit → Paste. The editing menu also has an important feature for searching selected words. You can use the Edit--> Find option for searching selected words.

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The 'format' option is for changing the format of the text, changing the text font, text size, page format and text wrapping options. For many of these options, we can use short cut icons from formatting text tool bar, the letter “B” and “I” can be used to make the text bold and italics. You can format your text in many ways either through Format--->Text (as shown in the first image) or Format--->Character (as shown in the second image) or by changing the parameters on the tool bar. ~~See the images in the 'Formatting options' gallery.~~ Click on the Format menu option of LibreOffice Writer to see the options. Commonly used formatting includes selecting text to highlight it through the ‘bold’ ‘italic’ or ‘underline’ functions, are shown in the third image, changing the font colour or size and adding text highlighting. <gallery mode="packed" heights="250px" caption="Formatting options">

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The 'format' option is for changing the format of the text, changing the text font, text size, page format and text wrapping options. For many of these options, we can use short cut icons from formatting text tool bar - for example, the letter “B” and “I” can be used to make the text bold and italics. See the images in the 'Formatting options' gallery. You can format your text in many ways either through Format--->Text, as shown in the first image, (Image 15) or Format--->Character as shown in the second image (Image 16) or by changing the parameters on the tool bar. Click on the Format menu option of LibreOffice Writer to see the options. Commonly used formatting includes selecting text to highlight it through the ‘bold’ ‘italic’ or ‘underline’ functions, are shown in the third image (Image 17), changing the font colour or size and adding text highlighting. <gallery mode="packed" heights="250px" caption="Formatting options">

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File:LOWriter2.png|Formatting text using Format--->Text

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File:LOWriter2.png|Image 15 - Formatting text using Format--->Text

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File:LOWriter3.png|Formatting text using Format ---> Character

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File:LOWriter3.png|Image 16 - Formatting text using Format ---> Character

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File:LOwriter4.png|Formatting selected text

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File:LOwriter4.png|Image 17 - Formatting selected text

</gallery>

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You may be making a list of items in your document. Instead of manually entering the numbers, you could use automatic numbering.

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You can select Format → Bullets and Numbering and select the numbering type you want, as shown in the images.

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You can select Format → Bullets and Numbering and select the numbering type you want, as shown in the images below.

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File:LO_writer_7_Bullets_and_Numbering.png|Selecting text and numbering type

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File:LO_writer_7_Bullets_and_Numbering.png|Image 18 - Selecting text and numbering type

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File:COL_-_Inserting_a_numbered_list_in_LOW.png|Numbered list in LOW

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File:COL_-_Inserting_a_numbered_list_in_LOW.png|Image 19 - Numbered list in LOW

</gallery>

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#The first image in the gallery shows the selection of text and numbering type.

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#The first image (Image 18) in the gallery shows the selection of text and numbering type.

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#In the second image, you will see the numbered list under 'Objectives'. Hit the ‘enter’ key to go to the next line with the next number.

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#In the second image (Image 19), you will see the numbered list under 'Objectives'. Hit the ‘enter’ key to go to the next line with the next number.

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[[File:COL_-_Inserting_sub_numbering_in_LOW.png|600x600px|Inserting sub-numbering|~~right~~]] It is also possible to create sub-numbering. For indenting and sub numbering, you can use the ‘Tab’ and 'shift Tab' keys. Hitting the tab key while at the beginning of a line, will move the cursor further and create a sub-number. Hitting Shift-Tab will move the cursor to the next higher level numbering. Using these keys, you can create any number of levels of numbering and sub-numbering. These steps can also be followed for creating 'bullet' lists

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[[File:COL_-_Inserting_sub_numbering_in_LOW.png|600x600px|Image 20 - Inserting sub-numbering|thumb]] It is also possible to create sub-numbering. For indenting and sub numbering, you can use the ‘Tab’ and 'shift Tab' keys. Hitting the tab key while at the beginning of a line, will move the cursor further and create a sub-number. Hitting Shift-Tab will move the cursor to the next higher level numbering. Using these keys, you can create any number of levels of numbering and sub-numbering. See Image 20 for a list with numbers and sub-numbers. These steps can also be followed for creating 'bullet' lists

==== Adding a table / box item ====

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You may want to put a specific information inside a box to highlight it separately. You can also use box to provide additional information. You can select Table. Select number of rows and number of columns as ‘1’. You will get a box (which is nothing but a table with one row and one column). Enter your text in this box.

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You may want to put a specific information inside a box to highlight it separately. You can also use box to provide additional information. You can do this by entering a table. You can select Table. Select number of rows and number of columns as ‘1’. You will get a box (which is nothing but a table with one row and one column). Enter your text in this box.

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In our document, we have created a box for providing the license information for the document. You should create a numbered list for a relevant section of your OER. You can create a box for providing similar license information for your document (Image 21). You can insert this box at the beginning of the document.

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[[File:COL Inserting a box in LOW.png|left|thumb|450x450px|Image 21 - Inserted box for the text]]{{clear}}

==== Adding images and other annotations in a text document ====

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The insert menu option is for inserting images, hyper links, charts, page numbers, page breaks, formulas. Page numbers can be inserted in the footer of the page. The following images show how to insert images, hyper-links and page numbers.

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The insert menu option is for inserting images, hyper links, charts, page numbers, page breaks, formulas. Page numbers can be inserted in the footer of the page. The following images (Images 22-24) show how to insert images, hyper-links and page numbers.

===== Inserting images =====

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Inert option in LOW.png|Insert Menu

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Inert option in LOW.png|Image 22 - Insert Menu

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LO_Writer_9_Insert_image.png|Inserting Image

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LO_Writer_9_Insert_image.png|Image 23 - Inserting Image

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LO_Writer_10_Inserted_Image.png|Inserted Image View

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LO_Writer_10_Inserted_Image.png|Image 24 - Inserted Image View

</gallery>

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# For inserting an image - Go to Insert → Image; as shown in the first image in the 'Inserting images' gallery.

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# For inserting an image - Go to Insert → Image; as shown in the first image (Image 22) in the 'Inserting images' gallery.

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#In the second image, you will see a folder from which images are to be inserted

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#In the second image (Image 23), you will see a folder from which images are to be inserted

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#The third image shows a triangle inserted

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#The third image shows a triangle inserted (Image 24).

===== Linking to other resources =====

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~~You~~ can ~~provide~~ a hyper link in your text document to a web page. Clicking this link in the text document will open the web page (~~this~~ requires internet connectivity). Inserting hyper links in relevant places in your text document, allows you to lead the reader to additional web resources. This way you need not provide information that is already publicly available, and instead focus on information or a perspective that is not available, in your document. This can be ~~used to~~ make your communication more succinct

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As you work on your text document, it may sometimes be useful to give additional information as a reference. The images below show how to insert hyperlinks. This can be done by providing a hyper link in your text document to a web page (Image 25). Clicking this link in the text document will open the web page (Image 26). This requires internet connectivity. Inserting hyper links in relevant places in your text document, allows you to lead the reader to additional web resources, as needed. This way you need not provide information that is already publicly available, and instead focus on sharing information or a perspective that is not already available, in your document. This can be make your communication more succinct and effective.

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COL_-_Inserting_hyper_link_in_a_text_document_2_-_specifying_URL.png|Selecting the weblink to add from the insert option

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COL_-_Inserting_hyper_link_in_a_text_document_2_-_specifying_URL.png|Image 25 - Selecting the weblink to add from the insert option

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COL - Insert hyper link in a text document 3.png|400x250px|Hyper link to a web page inserted in a text document

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COL - Insert hyper link in a text document 3.png|400x250px|Image 26 - Hyper link to a web page inserted in a text document

</gallery>

===== Insert footer (automatic page numbers) =====

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It is useful to have page number and name of your document on every page, this is specially useful if the reader wants to read a print copy. The steps for doing this are shown below.

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It is useful to have the page number and name of your document on every page, this is specially useful if the reader wants to read a print copy. The steps for doing this are shown below.

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File:LOWriter5.png|thumb|400x450px|Inserting a footer in your document

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File:LOWriter5.png|thumb|400x450px|Image 27 - Inserting a footer in your document

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File:LOWriter6.png|thumb|400x450px|Adding fields to the footer

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File:LOWriter6.png|thumb|400x450px|Image 28 - Adding fields to the footer

</gallery>

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#LibreOffice Writer allows you to easily insert this information at the bottom or top of each page. This can be done using Insert--->Footer, as shown in the first image in the gallery.

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#LibreOffice Writer allows you to easily insert this information at the bottom or top of each page. This can be done using Insert--->Footer, as shown in the first image in the gallery (Image 27).

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#Once a footer has been inserted, you can go to the bottom of the page and insert multiple fields of information using Insert--->Fields, as shown in the second image. You can type any text in this footer, it will come on all pages. Other than page number, other dynamic information you can provide is the date/time stamp of the document. A similar method can also be adopted for inserting a header as well. Page numbers can also be inserted directly using Insert--->Page Number. ~~Providing this information makes it easier to read the document~~

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#Once a footer has been inserted, you can go to the bottom of the page and insert multiple fields of information using Insert--->Fields, as shown in the second image (Image 28). You can type any text in this footer, it will come on all pages. Other than page number, other dynamic information you can provide is the date/time stamp of the document. A similar method can also be adopted for inserting a header as well. Page numbers can also be inserted directly using Insert--->Page Number.

==== Continuing editing your text document ====

You can re-open this file any time to continue editing your text document using LibreOffice Writer. You can add, move, modify and remove text. You can format your text in different ways, insert images, web links and other annotations like footnotes etc. In this way, you can keep enhancing your text resource on your topic regularly.

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==== ~~Power of digital 'writing'~~ ====

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==== Pedagogical possibilities ====

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''You have seen that text is another form of data and text can be organized in different ways using different tools.''

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* ''When text is entered digitally, it ~~can be edited easily~~.''

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* ''A text editor ~~like LibreOffice Writer allows~~ text ~~to be entered~~, ~~formatted and presented~~ in ~~different~~ ways ~~and designed for printing~~. ~~The text document also can~~ add ~~links to other files or resources on the~~ computer or the internet. It is the most advanced tool available for creating textual outputs. Text can be copied, pasted and formatted differently. ~~Some~~ features ~~like copy-paste~~ are ~~available across most applications''~~

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<nowiki>'''Digital text is powerful.'''</nowiki> You have already seen that text is another form of data and text can be organized in different ways using different tools. Digitally created outputs also make sharing (making copies) and storing for posterity simpler. Watch this video with your class and the faculty and discuss how digital has made it easier to create.

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* ''Digital 'writing' adds many possibilities to the process, iterative editing for refining, adding different kinds of annotations for communicating meaning. ~~Sharing~~ (~~making copies~~) ~~and storing for posterity are also simple~~.''

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* In addition to this, presentation software, such as LibreOffice Impress is also ~~available which allows combining text and~~ images ~~as well as embedding~~ of ~~videos to make a multimedia presentation~~.

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A text editor allows you to combine images and text, format text in multiple ways (table, lists, etc.), allows you to add external references (either from your computer or from the internet), adding footnotes, endnotes or bibliography. Images can be formatted with text and documents can be designed for printing. It is the most advanced tool available for creating textual outputs. Text can be copied, pasted and formatted differently. All these features are not merely technical skills but they allow for richness and comprehensiveness in a written document. Writing, as we know, is not a mere mechanical activity using a script; it is the organizing of thoughts to communicate.

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We also saw that when text is entered digitally, it can be edited easily. Digital 'writing' adds many possibilities to the creative process, allowing iterative editing for refining and allowing collaborative editing. For example, there is a feature in a text editor like LibreOffice Writer that allows you to comment or revise another person's output. This is useful while giving feedback or when a writing is jointly authored by two or more people. , adding different kinds of annotations for communicating meaning.

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Possibility of typing in multiple languages is another great advantage that digital tools give to allow for creation of local resources. With the existing infrastructure (keyboard) it is now possible to produce documents in multiple languages. Multilingual documents can also be produced; combined with images these can be very useful for building language skills of writing and expression.

{| class="wikitable"

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==== ~~'''~~Student activity time (3 hours)~~'''~~ ====

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==== Student activity time (3 hours) ====

You should create a text document for your topic. Add sections for different ideas related to the topic. Insert hyper links to web resources, as you think will make your document richer and more useful. Insert a footer and provide name of your document and page number. Try to present your complex set of thoughts on the topic in rich and meaningful ways in your text document, using the different functionalities of the editor.

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You may want to bring in your text, images and web links to present your ideas in a crisp manner. This can be done by making 'slides' of information using a slide making software such as LibreOffice Impress. Each slide can be considered as a ‘page’ which will contain a coherent set of information, often presented as bullet points. A slide presentation is a useful method of sharing information, or in training or teaching. While a text document is useful as a descriptive resource, a presentation can be more useful as a summarized view, which can support your talk.

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Open LibreOffice Writer on your computer, through Applications → Office → [http://libreoffice.org/ LibreOffice Impress].

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Open LibreOffice Writer on your computer, through Applications → Office → [http://libreoffice.org/ LibreOffice Impress], as shown in Image 29 below.

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[[File:COL_-_Opening_LibreOffice_Impress.png|thumb|left|~~Libroffice~~ Impress start menu]]

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[[File:COL_-_Opening_LibreOffice_Impress.png|thumb|left|Image 29 - LibreOffice Impress start menu]]

You will learn the following basic functions in LibreOffice Impress which you need to use in creating a slide presentation OER.

# Managing slides

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==== Managing slides ====

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You can create a slide presentation with as many slides (Slide → Create New slide) as you want using LibreOffice Impress, as shown in the image. You can duplicate a slide (Slide → Duplicate Slide) if you want to create a slide using the contents (or the format) of another slide. You can move slides across using drag-drop in the slide sorter view (View → Slide Sorter).

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You can create a slide presentation with as many slides (Slide → Create New slide) as you want using LibreOffice Impress, as shown in the image (Image 30). You can duplicate a slide (Slide → Duplicate Slide) if you want to create a slide using the contents (or the format) of another slide. You can move slides across using drag-drop in the slide sorter view (View → Slide Sorter).

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[[File:COL_-_Creating_a_slide_presentation.png|thumb|450x450px|Creating a slide presentation, using LibreOffice Impress|left]]

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[[File:COL_-_Creating_a_slide_presentation.png|thumb|450x450px|Image 30 - Creating a slide presentation, using LibreOffice Impress|left]]

==== Writing, formatting, inserting a numbered list and inserting a text box ====

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A useful feature of the LibreOffice suite is that the Writer and Impress products are fully integrated and have the same interface. When you select File → Open, you get to chose if you will create a text file or a presentation file. Hence most functions explained for LibreOffice Writer can be used in the same manner in LibreOffice Impress, including entering text, formatting text, inserting a numbered list and inserting a text box. These are shown in the images below.

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A useful feature of the LibreOffice suite is that the Writer and Impress products are fully integrated and have the same interface. When you select File → Open, you get to chose if you will create a text file or a presentation file. Hence most functions explained for LibreOffice Writer can be used in the same manner in LibreOffice Impress, including entering text, formatting text, inserting a numbered list and inserting a text box. These are shown in the images below (Images 31-33).

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COL_-_Entering_text_on_a_slide.png|Entering and formatting text using LibreOffice Impress

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COL_-_Entering_text_on_a_slide.png|Image 31 - Entering and formatting text using LibreOffice Impress

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COL_-_Change_area_colour_of_a_text_box_on_a_slide.png|Change area colour of a text box on a slide

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COL_-_Change_area_colour_of_a_text_box_on_a_slide.png|Image 32 - Change area colour of a text box on a slide

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COL_-_Changing_line_colour_on_a_slide.png|Changing line colour on a slide

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COL_-_Changing_line_colour_on_a_slide.png|Image 33 - Changing line colour on a slide

</gallery>

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#The first image in the 'LibreOffice Impress' gallery shows how to enter and format text in an Impress presentation document.

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#The first image in the 'LibreOffice Impress' gallery shows how to enter and format text in an Impress presentation document (Image 31).

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#You can change the background and line colours in the text boxes in your slides. To change the background colour, select Format → Style → Edit Style → Area. Select the colour you want (white is a good background). This is shown in the second image.

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#You can change the background and line colours in the text boxes in your slides. To change the background colour, select Format → Style → Edit Style → Area. Select the colour you want (white is a good background). This is shown in the second image, Image 32.

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#Similarly, if you do not want a border for the text box, you can remove it. Select Format → Style → Edit Style → Line → Style → None. This is shown in the third image in the gallery.

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#Similarly, if you do not want a border for the text box, you can remove it. Select Format → Style → Edit Style → Line → Style → None. This is shown in the third image (Image 33) in the gallery.

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==== ~~'''~~Student activity time (3 hours)~~'''~~ ====

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==== Student activity time (3 hours) ====

You should create a slide presentation for your topic. Add slides for different ideas related to the topic. Insert text boxes in the presentation document. Insert hyper links to web resources, as you think will make your slide presentation richer and more useful. Save the slide presentation in your personal digital library, you could save in a sub folder called 'slide presentation'. You should open the file again and see the slides in the 'slide show' mode (Slide Show -> Start from the first slide).

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You can also use a drawing software application such as Tux Paint to draw an image.

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Open Tux Paint on your computer, through Applications → Education → Tux Paint.

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Open Tux Paint on your computer, through Applications → Education → Tux Paint, as shown in the image here (Image 34).

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[[File:Tux_Paint_-_creating_a_picture.png|thumb|350x350px|Creating a drawing using brush in Tux Paint|left]]

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[[File:Tux_Paint_-_creating_a_picture.png|thumb|350x350px|Image 34 - Creating a drawing using brush in Tux Paint|left]]

The screen contains two tool bars on either side of the drawing canvas. The left side tool bar contains drawing and editing controls. The right side tool bar provides the various options for the specific tool that you select on the left side tool bar, as shown in the image here. For e.g., when the "Paint brush" tool is selected on the left tool bar, it shows the various brushes available on the right tool bar. When the "Rubber Stamp" tool is selected on the left tool bar, it shows the different stamps you can use, on the right tool bar. At the bottom, you can see a palette of colours. Below this, at the bottom of the screen, Tux, the Linux Penguin, provides tips and other information while you draw.

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The files created by you, are stored in the home/.tuxpaint/saved folder, in the 'png' format. To open the .tuxpaint folder, you may need to select the 'view hidden' files in the /home folder on Ubuntu. The file name will begin with 'year+month+date' in YYYYDDMM format, followed by a serial number. While the drawings created by you are stored in the 'tuxpaint' folder, you can also add images that you access from other resources into the 'tuxpaint' folder and edit them using Tuxpaint application. However, before doing this, you need to check the copyright and license information on the images to be sure that you can reuse and modify them.

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''Digital painting can awaken the artist in you. You can iterate your digital drawings, access existing open content images to improvise than start from scratch. The digital canvas does not tear, the paints in your digital weasel do not dry up. Digital editors can encourage more learners to experiment with the creation of artefacts, this is another potential of the 'techno-pedagogical' .''

==== Creating image resources using a screen capture tool [https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/screen-shot-record.html Screenshot] ====

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[[File:COL_-_Creating_an_image_using_Screenshot_-_select_area.png|thumb|450x450px|Creating an image using Screenshot (select area to grab)]]

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[[File:COL_-_Creating_an_image_using_Screenshot_-_select_area.png|thumb|450x450px|Image 35 - Creating an image using Screenshot (select area to grab)]]

One of the simplest and yet very powerful ways of creating an image is to simply take a picture of your computer screen. You may have opened a web page on which there is an image or some text you want to store as an image, or it may be from a file on your computer, or it may be a snapshot of a video you are playing. However, when you are taking screen shots of a web resource or a video, you must keep in mind copyright and terms of use of the resource.

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You can use the tool Screenshot for this. Open Screenshot on your computer, through Applications → Accessories → [https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/screen-shot-record.html Screenshot]

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You can use the tool Screenshot for this. Open Screenshot on your computer, through Applications → Accessories → [https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/screen-shot-record.html Screenshot], shown here in Image 35.

You have an option of capturing the entire display on your screen or selecting a smaller area. For the latter option, chose ‘select area to grab’ as shown in the image. Then use your mouse to drag drop the (rectangular) area you want to capture. (Move your cursor to the left top of the area, keep your left mouse click pressed, move the cursor to the right bottom point and release it).

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==== ~~'''~~Student activity time ~~(4 hours)'''~~ ====

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==== Student activity time ====

You should create a drawing on an issue connected to your topic. Another possibility is you could use any image you found as a reference, and draw it using Tux Paint. A third possibility is to copy the image you have created by taking a photo to the Tux Paint folder (mentioned above) and open it in Tux Paint and edit it to create the image resource you want. A fourth possibility is to open the image you want (from an existing resource) and take a screen shot of the entire or part image using Screenshot tool. You can take this image, created from a screen shot to Tux Paint and continue editing the image!

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==== Creating and editing image resources using an advanced image editor - [https://www.gimp.org/ GIMP] ====

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GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is an image editing software. GIMP can be opened from Applications--->Graphics---> [https://www.gimp.org/ GIMP Image Editor] , as shown in the first image.

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GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is an image editing software. GIMP can be opened from Applications--->Graphics---> [https://www.gimp.org/ GIMP Image Editor] , as shown in the first image (Image 36).

GIMP is very powerful with many sophisticated features. We will learn a few commonly used functions in image editing:

# Cropping an image

# Adding text to an image

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Once you have opened the GIMP application, open the image you would like to edit, as shown in the second image in the gallery. You can see the menu bar providing different options for editing the image.

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Once you have opened the GIMP application, open the image you would like to edit, as shown in the second image in the gallery. You can see the menu bar providing different options for editing the image (Image 37).

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File:COL-Opening_GIMP.png|Opening GIMP

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File:COL-Opening_GIMP.png|Image 36 - Opening GIMP

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File:COL_-_Opening_an_image_file_using_GIMP.png|File opened in GIMP

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File:COL_-_Opening_an_image_file_using_GIMP.png|Image 37 - File opened in GIMP

</gallery>

===== Cropping an image =====

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[[File:COL_-_Crop_to_selection_of_an_image,_using_GIMP.png~~|right~~|450x450px|Cropping an image]]

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[[File:COL_-_Crop_to_selection_of_an_image,_using_GIMP.png|450x450px|Image 38 - Cropping an image|thumb]]

Often, you want some part of a larger image to re-use in a different resource. GIMP allows you to select parts of an image - in different shapes or even using a freehand selection to select parts of an image. This is different from a screen shot where you can only grab an area that is in the shape of a rectangle.

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You can select parts of an image from Select Tools → Selection Tools → Free Select. You can move your cursor on the image to outline the area you want to crop, this is free hand, not necessarily in the form of a rectangle. Then crop the image to your selection through Image → Crop to Selection, as shown in the image. We have cropped the image to free select only the teacher and the student (see the dotted line in ~~image 9~~). You can export this cropped image using File → Export as and export to an image format like .png or .jpeg.

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You can select parts of an image from Select Tools → Selection Tools → Free Select. You can move your cursor on the image to outline the area you want to crop, this is free hand, not necessarily in the form of a rectangle. Then crop the image to your selection through Image → Crop to Selection, as shown in the image. We have cropped the image to free select only the teacher and the student (see the dotted line in Image 38). You can export this cropped image using File → Export as and export to an image format like .png or .jpeg.

==== Adding text to an image ====

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[[File:Entering_text_on_an_image_using_GIMP.png|thumb|450x450px|Entering text on an image using GIMP|left]]

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[[File:Entering_text_on_an_image_using_GIMP.png|thumb|450x450px|Image 39 - Entering text on an image using GIMP|left]]

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~~You~~ may want to add a caption to an image and make that caption a part of the image itself. You can do this using GIMP.

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A text description of an image may be useful while creating a resource. For this, you may want to add a caption to an image and make that caption a part of the image itself. You can do this using GIMP.

Select Tools → Text. A text tool box appears.

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Place your cursor where you want to type your text. You can format the text (change font size, colour) through the Text tool box.

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In our image, we have added the text ‘Digital Storytelling, Health centre’ and selected the yellow colour for the text, since it will display better against a dark background. (Tip - the text should be in a colour contrasting with the background, for easier visibility).{{clear}}

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In our image (Image 39), we have added the text ‘Digital Storytelling, Health centre’ and selected the yellow colour for the text, since it will display better against a dark background. (Tip - the text should be in a colour contrasting with the background, for easier visibility).{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable"

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==== ~~'''~~Student activity time (2 hours)~~'''~~ ====

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==== Student activity time (2 hours) ====

You should use GIMP to work on your image OER that you have created. You should use the text input option to enter captions on your image resource. You can crop a part of an image which contains the message you want to convey.

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References: [[Learn GIMP]]

|}

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==== Pedagogical possibilities ====

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One of the significant advantages of ICT is in terms of the possibilities for creation that it has opened up. For students struggling with text literacy, pictures could be a useful way to build comprehension and communication skills. Picture essays can be very powerful fr creating communications - with text and without text - in powerful and engaging ways. Making the textual communication less dominant can also help in increasing access to people with different levels of text literacy. These possibilities are discussed in detail in the section below on digital stories.

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Digital painting can awaken the artist in you. You can iterate your digital drawings, access existing open content images to improvise than start from scratch. The digital canvas does not tear, the paints in your digital weasel do not dry up!. Digital editors can encourage more learners to experiment with the creation of artefacts, this is another potential of the 'techno-pedagogical' .

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=== Creating an audio-visual resource ===

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One of the most exciting things about ICT is being able to make and share videos - and this ~~unit~~ is about that. While human beings have been writing text and drawing pictures for thousands of years, videos are a relatively recent development.

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One of the most exciting things about ICT is being able to make and share videos - and this section is about that. While human beings have been writing text and drawing pictures for thousands of years, videos are a relatively recent development. There are three ways of creating simple videos.

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~~Before creating an~~ audio ~~visual resource, it is useful to recognize the following pedagogical possibilities:~~

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'''Creating audio resources using your audio recorder on your mobile phone'''

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~~#Audio is a form of communication - both verbal and non-verbal - and this can be used to supplement, reinforce expression~~

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~~#There is a great possibility of developing digital literacy skills in terms of recording~~ audio ~~with multiple devices~~

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~~#Audio can be combined with words to communicate a message for sharing and for self learning and peer learning~~

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~~==== Creating audio resources using your audio recorder on your mobile phone ====~~

You can record an audio clip using your mobile phone itself, using any audio recording app, such as ‘[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sonymobile.androidapp.audiorecorder Audio Recorder]’. You can copy the audio file from your phone to your computer for editing to create a resource. While recording, make sure that no copyright music or sound is playing in the background.

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~~====~~ Creating video resources using your video recorder ~~====~~

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'''Creating video resources using your video recorder'''

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You can record a video clip using your mobile phone itself, using the camera on the phone. While recording the video, take care to ensure that you are not shooting copyright materials or private spaces. You can copy the video file from your phone to your computer for editing and re-mixing to create resources.

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~~====~~ Creating a video resource using a screen-casting tool - [http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/about.php RecordMyDesktop] ~~====~~

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'''Creating a video resource using a screen-casting tool - [http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/about.php RecordMyDesktop]'''

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Screen casting is also a simple yet powerful way of creating a video resource. The [http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/about.php RecordMyDesktop] software records the computer output display as a video with audio, as shown in the image. This can be used to record the functioning of a software or any educational application. In addition to the audio played on the computer as part of the running of the application, additional audio spoken and provided as an input to the computer can also be recorded as a part of the video.

=====Getting started with Record my Desktop=====

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The images in the gallery show how to work with the "Record my Desktop" application.

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The images in the gallery below (Images 40,41) show how to work with the "Record my Desktop" application.

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File:COL_Opening_Record_my_Desktop.png|Opening Record my Desktop

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File:COL_Opening_Record_my_Desktop.png|Image 40 - Opening Record my Desktop

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File:RecordMyDesktop_1_Main_Window.png|RecordMyDesktop main window

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File:RecordMyDesktop_1_Main_Window.png|Image 41 - RecordMyDesktop main window

</gallery>

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#The first image shows how to open the application, from Applications-->Sound and video

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#The first image (Image 40) shows how to open the application, from Applications-->Sound and video

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#The second image shows how the view of the application window

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#The second image (Image 41) shows how the view of the application window

=====Configuring record my desktop application=====

There are different settings that you can choose for recording on screen cast software based on the kind of content you are capturing on the content as well as method of sharing and publishing. Here are some pointers for changing the settings.

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COL_-_Adjusting_Video_quality_in_recordmydesktop.png|Adjusting video quality in RecordMyDesktop

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COL_-_Adjusting_Video_quality_in_recordmydesktop.png|Image 42 - Adjusting video quality in RecordMyDesktop

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COL_-_Recordmydesktop_select_area_to_record.png|RecordMyDesktop select area to record

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COL_-_Recordmydesktop_select_area_to_record.png|Image 43 - RecordMyDesktop select area to record

</gallery>

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#The first image shows how to define the audio and video quality of your recording by moving the slider. A higher quality video means a larger file, as shown in the image. Therefore, you would need to decide based on the content as well as the intended use (if the video is to be published, it may be better to have a smaller output file size). A video quality of 50% is good enough for most purposes and will keep file size lower). You can also click on Advanced--->Performance to adjust the frame per second to adjust video quality.

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#The first image (Image 42) shows how to define the audio and video quality of your recording by moving the slider. A higher quality video means a larger file, as shown in the image. Therefore, you would need to decide based on the content as well as the intended use (if the video is to be published, it may be better to have a smaller output file size). A video quality of 50% is good enough for most purposes and will keep file size lower). You can also click on Advanced--->Performance to adjust the frame per second to adjust video quality.

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#You can also select the window of the screen which you want to record. Click on Select window, as shown in the second image, and you will be asked to grab the area to select. You can select only that part of the screen that you want to record. This is useful if you are opening photos or playing a video on only part of your screen and want to record that part only.

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#You can also select the window of the screen which you want to record. Click on Select window, as shown in the second image (Image 43), and you will be asked to grab the area to select. You can select only that part of the screen that you want to record. This is useful if you are opening photos or playing a video on only part of your screen and want to record that part only.

=====Recording and exporting=====

The following images will describe how to record and export the recording in the form of a video file.

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RecordMyDesktop_6_Red_Button.png|Recording video using RecordMyDesktop

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RecordMyDesktop_6_Red_Button.png|Image 44 - Recording video using RecordMyDesktop

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Exporting recording as video.png|Exporting output file on RecordMyDesktop

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Exporting recording as video.png|Image 45 - Exporting output file on RecordMyDesktop

</gallery>

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#When you click on Record button, desktop recording will start, as you can see in the first image. The recording can be paused and resumed at any time, by right clicking on the RecordMyDesktop icon in the top panel and selecting Pause (and later Resume when you want to continue recording). Clicking on ‘Stop’ will stop the recording and initiate the export of the video output.

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#When you click on Record button, desktop recording will start, as you can see in the first image (Image 44). The recording can be paused and resumed at any time, by right clicking on the RecordMyDesktop icon in the top panel and selecting Pause (and later Resume when you want to continue recording). Clicking on ‘Stop’ will stop the recording and initiate the export of the video output.

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#You need to wait till the export is completed, to get the output file as shown in the second image. If we close the process before, we will lose the output file. The output file will be saved in your "Home" folder by default, with .ogv format. The file will usually have a name like ‘out.ogv’, however you can use the ‘save as’ button on the RecordMyDesktop screen to give a file name of your choice.{{clear}}

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#You need to wait till the export is completed, to get the output file as shown in the second image (Image 45). If we close the process before, we will lose the output file. The output file will be saved in your "Home" folder by default, with .ogv format. The file will usually have a name like ‘out.ogv’, however you can use the ‘save as’ button on the RecordMyDesktop screen to give a file name of your choice.{{clear}}

==== Suggestions for creating video resources using a screen cast recorder ====

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# You may have used a particular software or educational application to demonstrate a concept in class. You could use the screen cast application to re-create the lesson by recording your description of the activity and sharing with students.

# Dubbing a video can create a resource in another language. In a teaching setting, you may want to use an existing video, and voice over it to add explanations to reflect the language and learning context of your class; this can be done quite effectively using this application. To dub a video using [http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/about.php record my desktop] , you need to set the sound settings on your computer to ‘mute’ (no output). Then start [http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/about.php record my desktop] application and play the video. As the video plays, read out your script. The audio read out by you will be combined with the video being shown on the screen to create the video in your language. Make sure you are not displaying copyright material on the screen when recording the video. If you record any copyright material in the video, it will be a copyright violation.

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==== Pedagogical possibilities ====

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Audio is a form of communication - both verbal and non-verbal - and this can be used to supplement, reinforce expression. Allowing learners to express their understanding in multiple ways, using different skills, can have a great potential for inclusion. For a teacher, being able to create resources in multiple formats, to address different learning needs is essential. These possibilities are discussed in detail in the section below on digital stories.

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Combining audio, visuals and text to produce a communication is an important skill in terms of resource creation and this process will develop digital literacy skills in multiple areas as well.

{| class="wikitable"

|-

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=== Creating a digital story using multiple resources ===

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One of the most important advantages of ICT is the possibility of creating resources in multiple formats - images being one of them. Images can be used standalone, or in a sequence as an animation, or in combination with text to create picture stories for communication. With increasing use of ICT, creating, editing and remixing image resources is becoming more and more prevalent. Availability of free and open source tools for creation and re-purposing of image resources can help the greater creation, re-purposing and publishing of image and animation OER.

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One of the most important advantages of ICT is the possibility of creating resources in multiple formats - images being one of them. Images can be used standalone, or in a sequence as an animation, or in combination with text to create picture stories for communication. You can also combine these with audio. With increasing use of ICT, creating, editing and remixing image, text and audio visual resources is becoming more and more prevalent. Availability of free and open source tools for creation and re-purposing of image resources can help the greater creation, re-purposing and publishing of image and animation OER.

Digital stories can be of many kinds - creating a photo essay for documenting an event or a place, comic strips to tell a story, an audio recording for sharing understanding. The focus on all of these activities is to demonstrate possibilities of using digital stories to express understanding and learning without focusing exclusively on text based methods.

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===== Inserting images in a text document (''LibreOffice Writer'') =====

Images can be embedded / inserted into a text document. The image and the related text enhance the value of the other in the document.

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select Insert → Image. LibreOffice Writer will open the file browser. Use file browser to select the image file. The image will be inserted in your text document as shown ~~in the image~~ here.

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select Insert → Image. LibreOffice Writer will open the file browser. Use file browser to select the image file. The image will be inserted in your text document as shown here. (Image 46).

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[[File:COL_-_Inserting_image_of_concept_map_in_text_document.png|thumb|450x450px|left|Insertion of image of a concept map in LibreOffice Writer]]

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[[File:COL_-_Inserting_image_of_concept_map_in_text_document.png|thumb|450x450px|left|Image 46 - Insertion of image of a concept map in LibreOffice Writer]]

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Combining text, image, audio and video resources can help you to communicate your message effectively. The key requirement is to be clear why you are selecting a particular resource in a particular format, this is a skill you will develop with experience.

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~~=== Storing, sharing and printing a resource ===~~

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Any file (digital resource) can be stored on your computer (through the File -> Save option in the application), shared with others through email. Any file can also be printed to create a 'hard copy'. The applications discussed in this section have a File -> Print feature which will print the file. Before printing you can select the 'Print Preview' option to 'see' how the print will look. Based on the preview, you could adjust the formatting to get the printout as desired.

{| class="wikitable"

|-

|

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==== ~~'''~~Student activity time ( 2 hours)~~'''~~ ====

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==== Student activity time ( 2 hours) ====

Work on your text document and slide presentation. The text document can be a detailed and rich explanation for the topic you have chosen, while the slide presentation can be a crisp outline of the main points you want to communicate about.

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|}

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=== Techno-pedagogical possibilities ===

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=== Storing, sharing and printing a resource ===

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The digital methods learnt in this unit, can be integrated into teaching-learning processes to enrich both the content and pedagogy aspects. Some of such possibilities have been provided in each of the sub sections in this chapter~~, in~~ ''~~italic~~.'' ~~A few more are discussed here:~~

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Any file (digital resource) can be stored on your computer (through the File -> Save option in the application), shared with others through email. Any file can also be printed to create a 'hard copy'. The applications discussed in this section have a File -> Print feature which will print the file. Before printing you can select the 'Print Preview' option to 'see' how the print will look. Based on the preview, you could adjust the formatting to get the printout as desired.

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# Concepts acquire power and meaning when they are connected to other concepts. Hence, organizing the concepts relevant to your topic is an important first step of generic resource creation. Concept mapping can be used to build skills in students for ideating and organizing ideas; you could also use it in your class to help students brain storm or capture prior knowledge in an area.

+

−

# Concept maps can also be useful in helping organize your thought processes when writing, it is a good idea to prepare a concept map before writing any document and use the map as the basis for the writing. A concept map is also a useful teaching tool, it is easy to show the 'macro-view' of any topic by showing the map in full (with sub nodes hidden if required) and then expanding each node and sub-nodes to elaborate on a sub topic. Sharing images and web pages (from embedded links in a node) can enrich the presentation.

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=== Techno-pedagogical possibilities: more ideas ===

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# You can represent any paper or book in a concept map. For instance, ' Prof Krishna Kumar's book 'The Child's Language and the Teacher' has been represented as a concept map.

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The digital methods learnt in this unit, can be integrated into teaching-learning processes to enrich both the content and pedagogy aspects. Some of such possibilities have been provided in each of the sub sections in this chapter''.''

+

# Concepts acquire power and meaning when they are connected to other concepts. Hence, organizing the concepts relevant to your topic is an important first step of generic resource creation. Concept mapping can be used to build skills in students for ideating and organizing ideas; you could also use it in your class to help students brain storm or capture prior knowledge in an area. Concept maps can also be useful in helping organize your thought processes when writing, it is a good idea to prepare a concept map before writing any document and use the map as the basis for the writing. A concept map is also a useful teaching tool, it is easy to show the 'macro-view' of any topic by showing the map in full (with sub nodes hidden if required) and then expanding each node and sub-nodes to elaborate on a sub topic. Sharing images and web pages (from embedded links in a node) can enrich the presentation. You can represent any paper or book in a concept map. For instance, ' Prof Krishna Kumar's book 'The Child's Language and the Teacher' has been represented as a concept map.

# Audio books can be easy to create, these can support early language learning. Learners can follow the text from a book, while hearing the audio of the same, for reinforcement. Existing folk songs, or locally sung poems or songs can be recorded to support language learning in this manner. This can also add to the audio learning resources in native languages.

# Video resources can also support language learning by providing text-audio-visual (image) representations of any concept or item. Creating simple video documents of the singing of local songs, narration of local stories / folk literature can not only support learning, but also preserve these important cultural resources for posterity. This can also help in reducing the huge disparities we see between English and Indian languages in terms of resources on the web. Digitisation of local cultural resources by teachers and students can connect the school with the local community, engage the learner with their own culture and support local resource creation.

# Learning on a digital tool can happen from purposive exploration, but also from 'aimless' explorations, when you are simply 'browsing' the different options available in the tool, as provided in its 'menu'. The processes of purposive and aimless exploration by themselves can constitute useful educative experiences and encourage curiosity and self-exploration inclinations in a learner.

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# You can use a text editor to enhance your writing skills. 'Wordsmithing' can become an art every learner can learn. Combining text and other resource formats can provide opportunities for every learner to engage in 'digital resource smithy' to hone their communication and resource making skills.

# Each digital tool can be seen as offering a set of processes. You can chose different processes from different tools and combine these to get the outputs that you want. Thinking of the digital environment in this 'open' manner can be liberating and encourage your imagination of the possibilities of learning.

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#Presentation software can be used by student teachers to make presentations. Images, audio and video resources can also be accessed, created or modified to suit the requirements of any submission or communication.

#The use of ICT, wherever relevant and meaningful, in other courses, is perhaps a good way to assess the learning in this course!

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~~==== '''Digital resource-smithy''' ====~~

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You can use a text editor to enhance your writing skills. 'Wordsmithing' can become an art every learner can learn. Combining text and other resource formats can provide opportunities for every learner to engage in 'digital resource smithy' to hone their communication and resource making skills.

===Student Portfolio===

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# your text, image, audio, video resources on your topic

# the combining of these resources as a digital story to explain a topic / teach a lesson / tell a story

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~~[[Category:TE year 1 source book]]~~

Yogi

Bureaucrats, Administrators, Widget editors

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TE year1sourcebook/year1 unit2 Topics of Study in the Unit (view source)

Revision as of 12:37, 10 September 2018

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