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===Introduction===

===Introduction===

Operating system is also called system software as it works with the hardware. Every computer must have an operating system to run other computer programs. Even your mobile phone will have an operating system. Operating systems start automatically when you turn on the computer, this process is termed as booting. All the other computer programs like programs to paint, type, listen to music, learn mathmatics etc., are called application software or 'Apps' which work with the system software.

Operating system is also called system software as it works with the hardware. Every computer must have an operating system to run other computer programs. Even your mobile phone will have an operating system. Operating systems start automatically when you turn on the computer, this process is termed as booting. All the other computer programs like programs to paint, type, listen to music, learn mathematics etc., are called application software or 'Apps' which work with the system software.

Ubuntu is a ‘[[wikipedia:Free_and_open-source_software|Free and Open Source Software]]’ (called FOSS in short) operating system. You may be familiar with Microsoft Windows operating system or used an application called Adobe Reader.  Windows or Adobe Photoshop are ‘[[wikipedia:Proprietary|proprietary]]’ , meaning they cannot be copied or shared or modified by us; FOSS applications are licensed under the ‘General Public License’ which allows all of us to share the software freely, we can also modify the software as per our needs. Hence it is important to use FOSS in our schools. Teachers must learn and teach FOSS and avoid use of proprietary software, since it is not possible for all to access and use proprietary software, and not possible for anyone (other than the vendor) to study or improve the software.

Ubuntu is a ‘[[wikipedia:Free_and_open-source_software|Free and Open Source Software]]’ (called FOSS in short) operating system. You may be familiar with Microsoft Windows operating system or used an application called Adobe Reader.  Windows or Adobe Photoshop are ‘[[wikt:proprietary|proprietary]]’ , meaning they cannot be copied or shared or modified by us; FOSS applications are licensed under the ‘General Public License’ which allows all of us to share the software freely, we can also modify the software as per our needs. Hence it is important to use FOSS in our schools. Teachers must learn and teach FOSS and avoid use of proprietary software, since it is not possible for all to access and use proprietary software, and not possible for anyone (other than the vendor) to study or improve the software.

Since all the software like [[wikipedia:Productivity_software#Office_suite|Office suite]], [[wikipedia:Web_browser|web browser]], educational software can be bundled with Ubuntu GNU/Linux operating system, all these applications can be installed on the computer at one time. On proprietary software Windows, each software has to be separately installed, which can make it cumbersome and time consuming. Operating systems use a program called the [[wikipedia:Graphical_user_interface|Graphical User Interface]] (GUI) to access other computer with a [[wikipedia:Pointing_device|mouse]].  The popular operating systems are [[wikipedia:Microsoft_Windows|Microsoft Windows]], [[wikipedia:Linux|GNU/Linux]] and [[wikipedia:MacOS|Mac OS]]. In this section, you will learn about the functions of an operating system, using an example of [[Learn Ubuntu|Ubuntu]] GNU/Linux operating system. With this learning, you can also operate a computer with Windows of Mac operating systems. Remember that we are focusing on learning the processes of any software application, so that we can, with that learning, use similar other applications.

Since all the software like [[wikipedia:Productivity_software#Office_suite|Office suite]], [[wikipedia:Web_browser|web browser]], educational software can be bundled with Ubuntu GNU/Linux operating system, all these applications can be installed on the computer at one time. On proprietary software Windows, each software has to be separately installed, which can make it cumbersome and time consuming. Operating systems use a program called the [[wikipedia:Graphical_user_interface|Graphical User Interface]] (GUI) to access other computer with a [[wikipedia:Pointing_device|mouse]].  The popular operating systems are [[wikipedia:Microsoft_Windows|Microsoft Windows]], [[wikipedia:Linux|GNU/Linux]] and [[wikipedia:MacOS|Mac OS]]. In this section, you will learn about the functions of an operating system, using an example of [[Learn Ubuntu|Ubuntu]] GNU/Linux operating system. With this learning, you can also operate a computer with Windows of Mac operating systems. Remember that we are focusing on learning the processes of any software application, so that we can, with that learning, use similar other applications.

===Working with the application===

===Working with the application===

<gallery mode="packed" heights=200 caption="Starting and shutting down your computer">

File:Ubuntu login screen.png|Ubuntu login screen

<gallery mode="packed" heights="300" caption="Starting and shutting down your computer">

File:Login.jpg|Ubuntu Login screen

File:Ubuntu home screen.png|Ubuntu home screen

File:Ubuntu home screen.png|Ubuntu home screen

File:Shutdown the computer.png|Shutdown the computer

File:Shutdown the computer.png|Shutdown the computer

#'''Home screen:''' The second image shows you the Ubuntu home screen.  The applications menu at the top left has a list of all the programs (apps) on your computer. The '''Places''' menu, next to it, lets you access the 'places' on your computer including the hard disk, CD/DVD or pen drives. Digital cameras and MP3 players are also listed here when plugged-in.  The '''Applications''' menu has sub menus for Education, Office, Internet, Games etc. Each sub-menu has many applications. You can try to learn them yourselves by clicking and selecting options.

#'''Home screen:''' The second image shows you the Ubuntu home screen.  The applications menu at the top left has a list of all the programs (apps) on your computer. The '''Places''' menu, next to it, lets you access the 'places' on your computer including the hard disk, CD/DVD or pen drives. Digital cameras and MP3 players are also listed here when plugged-in.  The '''Applications''' menu has sub menus for Education, Office, Internet, Games etc. Each sub-menu has many applications. You can try to learn them yourselves by clicking and selecting options.

#'''Shutting down the computer:''' What will you do after you have finished your work? You have to turn off the computer. You must turn it off by clicking on the last button on the right hand top corner and select shut down. Never turn off the power button without shutting the computer properly.

#'''Shutting down the computer:''' What will you do after you have finished your work? You have to turn off the computer. You must turn it off by clicking on the last button on the right hand top corner and select shut down. Never turn off the power button without shutting the computer properly.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180" caption="Creating and managing folders and files">

File:Managing files & folders.png|Managing files & folders

 

File:File search.png|File search

<gallery mode="packed" heights="300">

File:System settings.png|Opening the system settings

File:Opening the Mate Tweak.png|Opening the Mate Tweak

</gallery>

</gallery>

 

 

 

#Creating and managing files and folders -  When you write an essay or paint something on a paper, you would like to keep it for future, right? You would probably put it in a hard bound folder. Maybe, if you have more than one essay or painting, you would have one folder to hold your essays and one folder to hold your paintings.

** If shortcut need to be created on "Top panel" click on "Add this launcher to panel", If needs to be created on "Desktop" click on "Add this launcher to Desktop".

##To create new folder right click on your mouse and click on "New Folder". Rename the folder and save your files in it. You can also create many sub folders  within that.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="300" caption="Creating shortcut to Top panel and Desktop">

##Always give meaningful names for folders, so that you can easily search for them later.

File:Creating shortcut to top panel and desktop.png|thumb|Creating shortcut to top panel and desktop

##You can move folders, and files across folders.

'''Opening files by "open with" option'''

#From '''HOME''' folder you can search any files and folders which you have saved in your computer, click on search option on the toolbar and type the keywords of the file or folder, it will show the all files contains our searching keywords in your computer. If you have an idea about the location of the file you are searching, you can launch the search from within that folder itself, instead of the Home folder, this will show you a lesser number of files

<gallery mode="packed" heights="350" caption="Opening files with application">

 

====Opening files by "open with" option====

<gallery mode="packed" heights="300px" caption="Opening files with application">

File:Opening files with application.png|Opening files with application

File:Opening files with application.png|Opening files with application

</gallery>

</gallery>

====Import files and folders from external device====

====Import files and folders from external device====

<gallery mode="packed" heights="250" caption="Import files and folders from external device">

<gallery mode="packed" heights="300" caption="Import files and folders from external device">

File:Access external device.png|Access external device

File:Access external device.png|Access external device

File:Copy from external device.png|Copy from external device

File:Copy from external device.png|Copy from external device

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====Changing user interface language in Ubuntu ====

====Changing user interface language in Ubuntu ====

English will be default interface in Ubuntu but you can also use Ubuntu in you local languages like Telugu, Kannada or Tamil.

English will be default interface in Ubuntu but you can also use Ubuntu in you local languages like Telugu, Kannada or Tamil.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="250" caption="Changing user interface language in Ubuntu">

<gallery mode="packed" heights="300" caption="Changing user interface language in Ubuntu">

File:Select language support from system settings.png|Select language support from system settings

File:Select language support from system settings.png|Select language support from system settings

File:Changing the language from English to Kannada.png|Changing the language from English to Kannada

File:Changing the language from English to Kannada.png|Changing the language from English to Kannada

</gallery>

</gallery>

# To get started, goto <u>Applications -> System tools -> System settings -> Language support</u>.

# To get started, go to <u>Applications -> System tools -> System settings -> Language support</u>.

# It may ask you to update or add components to your current default language when you first open the dialog. If you do not have internet connect then click "Remind Me Later" and If you have good internet connection, select install to update your language lists.

# It may ask you to update or add components to your current default language when you first open the dialog. If you do not have internet connect then click "Remind Me Later" and If you have good internet connection, select install to update your language lists.

# Now we are ready to change our Ubuntu interface language. Find your new language in the list, and then click and drag it to the top of the list and click Apply '''System-Wide'''.

# Now we are ready to change our Ubuntu interface language. Find your new language in the list, and then click and drag it to the top of the list and click Apply '''System-Wide'''.

# Once you have set you language as first and click on "system-wide", you will need to '''log out''' of your account and '''log in''' to see your new interface language.

# Once you have set you language as first and click on "system-wide", you will need to '''log out''' of your account and '''log in''' to see your new interface language.

# Ubuntu may ask if you want to update your user folders names to your new language, Select Rename folder option.

# Ubuntu may ask if you want to update your user folders names to your new language, Select Rename folder option.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="250" caption="Changing user interface language in Ubuntu">

<gallery mode="packed" heights="300" caption="Changing user interface language in Ubuntu">

File:Renaming folders.png|Renaming folders

File:Renaming folders.png|Renaming folders

File:Kannada Ubuntu interface.png|Kannada Ubuntu interface

File:Kannada Ubuntu interface.png|Kannada Ubuntu interface

====Adding software applications to your computer system====

====Adding software applications to your computer system====

[[File:Ubuntu_software_center1.png|450px|left|frame|Ubuntu software centre]]

You can add many more FOSS applications to your computer. Select the "Ubuntu software centre" - You can download applications from the Internet. Teachers can explore new FOSS educational tools and utilities.   

File:Adding softwares to computer system using Appgrid.png|Adding software's to computer system using App Grid

You can add many more FOSS applications to your computer. Select the "System->Administration->App Grid" - You can download applications from the Internet. Teachers can explore new FOSS educational tools and utilities.   

Go to Applications > System Tools -> Software. You will need to type the required application name in the search bar. It will show all applications with the words you have entered and you will get an option for "Install". Click on "install" if you want to install the application. If your search does not get the application(s) you want, try with fewer letters / words to search.  

Go to Applications > System Tools -> App Grid. You will need to type the required application name in the search bar. It will show all applications with the words you have entered and you will get an option for "Install". Click on "install" if you want to install the application. If your search does not get the application(s) you want, try with fewer letters / words to search.  

It may ask your Ubuntu log in password for authentication, just type your Ubuntu password press enter.  

It may ask your Ubuntu log in password for authentication, just type your Ubuntu password press enter.  

If you have doubts or difficulties in using the Ubuntu operating system or any of the applications, you can search for solutions on the Internet using a search engine or refer to '[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Frequently_Asked_Questions Frequently asked questions]'.

If you have doubts or difficulties in using the Ubuntu operating system or any of the applications, you can search for solutions on the Internet using a search engine or refer to '[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Frequently_Asked_Questions Frequently asked questions]'.

==== Saving the files and formats ====

====Adding your languages to type in Ubuntu====

In Ubuntu by default you can type English in any application and by default it will use only Unicode fonts unless you manually changing it to non-Unicode.

 

===Adding your languages to type in Ubuntu===

File:Selecting ibus for typing language.png|Selecting Ibus for typing language

In Ubuntu by default you can type English in any application and by default it will use only Unicode fonts unless you manually changing it to non-Unicode.  

[[File:Selecting ibus for typing language.png|left|thumb|Selecting Ibus for typing language]]

Also you can type any your local languages in Ubuntu by adding those languages in Ibus. For typing in any local language, Ubuntu will use application called Ibus. You can follow the below step to set up Ibus and to add languages in the typing list. <br>

Also you can type any your local languages in Ubuntu by adding those languages in Ibus. For typing in any local language, Ubuntu will use application called Ibus. You can follow the below step to set up Ibus and to add languages in the typing list. <br>

# Go to Applications -> System tools -> System Settings -> Language Support ->Look at the Keyboard input method system Select '''IBus''' and close the window.

# Go to Applications -> System tools -> System Settings -> Language Support ->Look at the Keyboard input method system Select '''IBus''' and close the window.

Now you have to add your languages in "Text Entry" to type it. You can type multiple language in any application by adding it in this list.<br>

Now you have to add your languages in "Text Entry" to type it. You can type multiple language in any application by adding it in this list.<br>

# Right click on '''"En"''' from the top panel and select "Preferences".

# Once the Preferences window opens, click on "Input method->Add" option, as shown in image.

 

# The language list window will open, search your languages by typing it in search box and click on the language. It will show the all the typing methods for the language. Choose a keyboard layout you are comfortable with and click "Add".

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

# Click on '''"En"''' from the top panel and select "Text Entry".

# Once the Text Entry window opens, click on "+" arrow mark, as shown in image.

# The language list window will open, search your languages by typing it in search box. It will show the all the typing methods for the language. Choose a keyboard layout you are comfortable with and click "Add".

# Yes, you are finished all the set up, after this your language list looks like below.

# Yes, you are finished all the set up, after this your language list looks like below.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="300px" caption="Adding languages in Text Entry">

<gallery mode="packed" heights=300 caption="Adding language to text entry">

File:Ibus - adding languages.png| Adding Telugu to my language list

File:Searching Kannada language in search box.png|Searching Kannada language in search box

File:Ibus - added telugu.png|Added Telugu 3 typing methods

File:Selecting keyboard layout.png|Selecting keyboard layout

 

</gallery> <br>

</gallery>

Now its time to type your added language in most of the applications. Click on the language panel "En" (right top corner of the screen) and select language in which you want to type. When you select language, icon will change to that language. The very important is you can add multiple languages in this list.

<br>Now its time to type your added language in most of the applications. Click on the language panel "En" (right top corner of the screen) and select language in which you want to type. When you select language, icon will change to that language. The very important is you can add multiple languages in this list.

 

 

 

 

 

Click on Ubuntu icon from login screen and here select the '''Gnome flashback(metacity)''' and now login to your username with password. see the below gif for your reference.  

'''NOTE:''' If you are not able to find any icons in the login screen, means you need to install this gnome flashback packages to get Applications, places menu. Follow the below steps to install it in your ubuntu computer.  

Ubuntu contains a wide range of software that includes LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird and several games and Educational tools. Many additional software packages are accessible from the built in Ubuntu Software Center known as "App Grid". More complex commands can be given to the computer using the 'Terminal' interface, this is really for those who have technical expertise.  

You have to use terminal for installing this application. Applications -> System tools  -> Terminal or key board shortcut '''Ctrl+Alt+T'''.

'''{{Note}}To Know the installation process of Ubuntu please go through the below link'''

===References===

===References===

#[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases Ubuntu releases]

#[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases Ubuntu releases]