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One of the most important advantages of OER is the possibility of creating resources in multiple formats - images being one of them.  Images can be used standalone, or in a sequence as an animation, or in combination with text to create picture stories for communication. With increasing use of ICT, creating, editing and remixing image resources is becoming more and more prevalent.  Availability of free and open source tools for creation and re-purposing of image resources can help the greater creation, re-purposing and publishing  of image and animation OERs.  This chapter will focus on accessing image repositories, tools for creating image and animation OER, editing image OER, remixing image OER with other formats and publishing.   

One of the most important advantages of OER is the possibility of creating resources in multiple formats - images being one of them.  Images can be used standalone, or in a sequence as an animation, or in combination with text to create picture stories for communication. With increasing use of ICT, creating, editing and remixing image resources is becoming more and more prevalent.  Availability of free and open source tools for creation and re-purposing of image resources can help the greater creation, re-purposing and publishing  of image and animation OERs.  This chapter will focus on accessing image repositories, tools for creating image and animation OER, editing image OER, remixing image OER with other formats and publishing.   

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to  

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to  

==== Search the web for image OER ====

==== Search the web for image OER ====

You can use a search engine such as [https://google.com Google search engine] or [https://duckduckgo.com/ DuckDuckGo] search engine, using a FOSS web browser such as [https://www.mozilla.org/ Mozilla Firefox] to search for image OER. You can search for images relating  DST to simply typing in Digital Story Telling in the search bar of the search engine (image 2) and selecting the ‘Images’ link (image 3) .  As in the case of text, you can select images that are licensed for re-use by specifying this in the search settings.

You can use a search engine such as [https://google.com Google search engine] or [https://duckduckgo.com/ DuckDuckGo] search engine, using a FOSS web browser such as [https://www.mozilla.org/ Mozilla Firefox] to search for image OER. You can search for images relating  DST to simply typing in Digital Story Telling in the search bar of the search engine and selecting the ‘Images’ link (image 2).  As in the case of text, you can select images that are licensed for re-use by specifying this in the search settings (image 3).

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|[[File:ImageOER1.png|left|thumb|Image 2 - Advanced image search on Google|400x400px]]

|[[File:ImageOER1.png|left|thumb|Image 2 - Advanced image search on Google|400x400px]]

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==== Using a drawing software - [http://tuxpaint.org/ Tux Paint] ====

==== Using a drawing software - [[File:Tux paint logo.png|frameless|25x25px]][http://tuxpaint.org/ Tux Paint] ====

You can also use a drawing software application to draw an image.  Open Tux Paint on your computer, through <u>Applications → Education →</u> [[File:Tux paint logo.png|frameless|25x25px]]<u>Tux Paint</u>

You can also use a drawing software application to draw an image.  Open Tux Paint on your computer, through <u>Applications → Education →</u> <u>Tux Paint</u>

[[File:Tux_Paint_-_creating_a_picture.png|thumb|350x350px|Image 4 - Creating a drawing using brush in Tux Paint|left]]

[[File:Tux_Paint_-_creating_a_picture.png|thumb|350x350px|Image 4 - Creating a drawing using brush in Tux Paint|left]]

The files created by you, are stored in the home/.tuxpaint/saved folder, in the 'png' format. To open the .tuxpaint folder, you may need to select the 'view hidden' files in the /home folder on Ubuntu. The file name will begin with 'year+month+date' in YYYYDDMM format, followed by a serial number.

The files created by you, are stored in the home/.tuxpaint/saved folder, in the 'png' format. To open the .tuxpaint folder, you may need to select the 'view hidden' files in the /home folder on Ubuntu. The file name will begin with 'year+month+date' in YYYYDDMM format, followed by a serial number.

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|'''Activity time''' - You should also create a drawing on an issue connected to your topic. Another possibility is you could use any image you found as a reference, and draw it using Tux Paint.

|'''Activity time''' - You should also create a drawing on an issue connected to your topic. Another possibility is you could use any image you found as a reference, and draw it using Tux Paint. A third possibility is to copy the image you have created by taking a photo to the Tux Paint folder (mentioned above) and open it in Tux Paint and edit it to create the image OER you want.

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=== Creating a simple animation (''Tux Paint'') ===

=== Creating a simple animation (''Tux Paint'') ===

Tux Paint allows you to create simple animations by letting you create a slide presentation of a set of images. You can save the image you drew. Make small changes to it and save it as a new file. You can then ‘play’ the photos in a recurring manner (image 6) to create a simple animation. Your animation can have as many images as you like.

Tux Paint allows you to create simple animations by letting you create a slide presentation of a set of images. You can save the image you drew. Make small changes to it and save it as a new file. You can then ‘play’ the photos in a recurring manner (image 6) to create a simple animation. Your animation can have as many images as you like. You can also select the speed of presenting the images in the animation. More the speed, the more you get a feel of an animation.

[[File:Animation created using Tux Paint.ogv|thumb|400x450px|Image 6 - Creating an animation using a series of drawings in Tux Paint|left]]

[[File:Animation created using Tux Paint.ogv|thumb|400x450px|Image 6 - Creating an animation using a series of drawings in Tux Paint|left]]

We have created four drawings of a tree, to represent different views over the year. The first one is barren, second with leaves, third with leaves and flowers and fourth one with leaves, flowers and  fruits. The second, third and fourth images are created by modifying the previous one and saving the same. Playing these images recurrently in Tux Paint creates a simple animation of the changes in the tree over time (image 6).  

We have created four drawings of a tree, to represent different views over the year. The first one is barren, second with leaves, third with leaves and flowers and fourth one with leaves, flowers and  fruits. The second, third and fourth images are created by modifying the previous one and saving the same. Playing these images recurrently in Tux Paint creates a simple animation of the changes in the tree over time (image 6).  

[[File:Animation created using Tux Paint2.ogv|thumb|400x450px|Image 7 - Creating an animation using a series of drawings in Tux Paint|left]]

[[File:Animation created using Tux Paint2.ogv|thumb|400x450px|Image 7 - Creating an animation using a series of drawings in Tux Paint|left]]

A second example of creating an animation using a series of images in Tux Paint is also shown below. Here with very minimum changes between the images, an animation of a walking person has been created.  

A second example of creating an animation using a series of images in Tux Paint is also shown here. Here with very minimum changes between the images, an animation of a walking person has been created.  

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|'''Activity time''' - You should create an animation using a series of images in Tux Paint. You should carefully do the first drawing, then make minor changes to an image, using a brush and eraser, and save it as the next image in the animation.

|'''Activity time''' - You should create an animation using a series of images in Tux Paint. You should carefully do the first drawing, then make minor changes to an image, using a brush and eraser, and save it as the next image in the animation. It needs a bit of practice and effort initially. But over time, it will be a very simple method to create animations

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=== Creating and editing image resources using an image editor [[File:GIMP Icon without brush.svg|frameless|24x24px]] [https://www.gimp.org/ GIMP] ===

=== Creating and editing image resources using an image editor [[File:GIMP Icon without brush.svg|frameless|24x24px]] [https://www.gimp.org/ GIMP] ===

Whether we capture using camera or an application like Tux Paint or Screenshot, the images have been captured digitally based on the resolution of the computer or mobile screen; this is indicated in terms of pixels.  Such images are called [[wikipedia:Raster_graphics|raster images]] and they are dependent on the resolution of the device for their quality.  All raster graphics or images are those that involve capturing some image or object using various devices.

Whether we capture using camera or an application like Tux Paint or Screenshot, the images have been captured digitally based on the resolution of the computer or mobile screen; this is indicated in terms of pixels.  Such images are called [[wikipedia:Raster_graphics|raster images]] and they are dependent on the resolution of the device for their quality.  All raster graphics or images are those that involve capturing some image or object using various devices. GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is an image editing software, that can edit and make raster images.   

GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is an image editing software, that can edit and make raster images.  There is another kind of digital image called the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphics vector graphics] which is not discussed in the toolkit.  Vector graphics or images involve creating drawings based on defined geometrical information; this can be defined in terms of the shapes and is not governed by the resolution of the device.  [[wikipedia:Inkscape|Inkscape]] is a tool that can be used to create and edit vector images.   

''There is another kind of digital image called the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphics vector graphics] which is not discussed in the toolkit.  Vector graphics or images involve creating drawings based on defined geometrical information; this can be defined in terms of the shapes and is not governed by the resolution of the device.  [[wikipedia:Inkscape|Inkscape]] is a tool that can be used to create and edit vector images.''  

GIMP can be opened from Applications--->Graphics--->[[File:GIMP Icon without brush.svg|frameless|24x24px]] [https://www.gimp.org/ GIMP Image Editor] (image 7). GIMP stands for GNU Image Manipulation program.

GIMP can be opened from Applications--->Graphics--->[[File:GIMP Icon without brush.svg|frameless|24x24px]] [https://www.gimp.org/ GIMP Image Editor] (image 7). GIMP stands for GNU Image Manipulation program.

Often, you want some part of a larger image to re-use in a different resource.  GIMP allows you to select parts of an image - in different shapes or even using a freehand selection to select parts of an image.   

Often, you want some part of a larger image to re-use in a different resource.  GIMP allows you to select parts of an image - in different shapes or even using a freehand selection to select parts of an image.   

[[File:COL_-_Crop_to_selection_of_an_image,_using_GIMP.png|thumb|450x450px|Image 9 - cropping an image using GIMP|left]]

[[File:COL_-_Crop_to_selection_of_an_image,_using_GIMP.png|thumb|450x450px|Image 9 - cropping an image using GIMP|left]]

This is different from a screenshot where you can only grab an area that is in the shape of a rectangle. You can select parts of an image from Select <u>Tools → Selection Tools → Free Select</u>  

This is different from a screen shot where you can only grab an area that is in the shape of a rectangle. You can select parts of an image from Select <u>Tools → Selection Tools → Free Select</u>  

You can move your cursor on the image to outline the area you want to crop, this is free hand, not necessarily in the form of a rectangle. Then crop the image to your selection through Image → Crop to Selection (image 9). We have cropped the image to free select only the teacher and the student (see the dotted line).

You can move your cursor on the image to outline the area you want to crop, this is free hand, not necessarily in the form of a rectangle. Then crop the image to your selection through Image → Crop to Selection (image 9). We have cropped the image to free select only the teacher and the student (see the dotted line in image 9).

You can export this cropped image using File → Export as and export to an image format like .png or .jpeg.

You can export this cropped image using File → Export as and export to an image format like .png or .jpeg.

In our image, we have added the text ‘Digital Storytelling, Health centre’ and selected the yellow colour for the text, since it will display better against a dark background (image 10). (Tip - the text should be in a colour contrasting with the background, for easier visibility).  

In our image, we have added the text ‘Digital Storytelling, Health centre’ and selected the yellow colour for the text, since it will display better against a dark background (image 10). (Tip - the text should be in a colour contrasting with the background, for easier visibility).  

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