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→‎What is the internet
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==== World wide web ====
 
==== World wide web ====
 
World wide web (www) is an application on the internet, which allows computers to access the Internet in the form of a web page, using an application called the web browser. There are millions of pages of shared information on the computers in the network, created by many people and organizations, in the form of websites. The 'web-sites' we visit are nothing but folders of computers connected to the internet.  A web site is a collection of related web pages. Web pages are identified by means of a URL (uniform resource locater), which is treated as the website address, usually beginning with “[http://%E2%80%9D http://”] .HTTP stands for hypertext transfer protocol, which is the method used for transferring web page information from the server to your computer.   
 
World wide web (www) is an application on the internet, which allows computers to access the Internet in the form of a web page, using an application called the web browser. There are millions of pages of shared information on the computers in the network, created by many people and organizations, in the form of websites. The 'web-sites' we visit are nothing but folders of computers connected to the internet.  A web site is a collection of related web pages. Web pages are identified by means of a URL (uniform resource locater), which is treated as the website address, usually beginning with “[http://%E2%80%9D http://”] .HTTP stands for hypertext transfer protocol, which is the method used for transferring web page information from the server to your computer.   
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===== Using a browser to access the world wide web =====
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To access the web sites or web pages on the worldwide web, we need to connect to the internet (through a connectivity device) and use an application called the browser.  Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily get information provided on many web pages at many websites.  We already saw that each website is a page on the Internet and has an address. We can either copy and paste the link directly in the address bar of a web browser. The browser opens one web page, which has links to other web sites / web pages which we can visit by clicking on the links. Each of the subsequent pages will also have many links which we can click on. Thus we can visualise the world wide web as a huge mansion with many rooms, each room having many doors. When we enter a room (open a web page), we can access the resources in that room. We can also go from that room to other rooms through the several doors that this room has (go from one web page to another web page by clicking on any of the links on the page we are in). The new room also would have many doors. Thus we can go through the mansion from room to room (web page to web page) through the door (web link) in each room. Though the entire web is very huge, we only access it one page at a time.   
      
Initially the access to the world wide web was only for downloading, this was called Web 1.0. Subsequently the second generation of world wide web was evolved, called Web 2.0., where ordinary users can create their own materials and publish on the internet, using software tools like blog or wiki. A blog is like a e-journal and teachers can create their own e-journals for reflective practice using software tools such such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPress WordPress].   
 
Initially the access to the world wide web was only for downloading, this was called Web 1.0. Subsequently the second generation of world wide web was evolved, called Web 2.0., where ordinary users can create their own materials and publish on the internet, using software tools like blog or wiki. A blog is like a e-journal and teachers can create their own e-journals for reflective practice using software tools such such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPress WordPress].   
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We have moved further along now to collaborative creation of web pages, through online collaboration platforms.  Now more and more processing can be done on the internet, where the data, results and analysis is stored the Internet and we can operate/ add/ access through various web based applications.  This is called [[wikipedia:Cloud_computing|Cloud Computing]].
 
We have moved further along now to collaborative creation of web pages, through online collaboration platforms.  Now more and more processing can be done on the internet, where the data, results and analysis is stored the Internet and we can operate/ add/ access through various web based applications.  This is called [[wikipedia:Cloud_computing|Cloud Computing]].
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==== World wide web -A global digital library - connecting and learning ====
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==== Using a browser to navigate the world wide web ====
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The emergence of the internet and the web has changed the way we are accessing information. Getting data about something is not so difficult any more.  The world wide web with its millions of web pages is thus the "'''Global Digital Library'''", which has resources on many topics.  However, to harness this library, we need to know how to search for information on the web.  After accessing the resources, making meaning depends on our skills to evaluate and organize these resources.  The resources available in the Global Digital Library can be organized into a meaningful personal digital library on our own computer, enabling self learning.  This has an impact on the way we learn.
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To access the web sites or web pages on the worldwide web, we need to connect to the internet (through a connectivity device) and use an application called the browser.  In this unit we will be using a free and open source web browser such as [[Learn Firefox|Mozilla Firefox]]. It is an application that allows you to browse the world wide web and search for information. Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily get information provided on many web pages at many websites.  We already saw that each website is a page on the Internet and has an address. We can either copy and paste the link directly in the address bar of a web browser. The browser opens one web page, which has links to other web sites / web pages which we can visit by clicking on the links. Each of the subsequent pages will also have many links which we can click on. Thus we can visualise the world wide web as a huge mansion with many rooms, each room having many doors. When we enter a room (open a web page), we can access the resources in that room. We can also go from that room to other rooms through the several doors that this room has (go from one web page to another web page by clicking on any of the links on the page we are in). The new room also would have many doors. Thus we can go through the mansion from room to room (web page to web page) through the door (web link) in each room. Though the entire web is very huge, we only access it one page at a time.  
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Resources are available on almost all topics that may be of interest to a teacher in English. The same amount of information is not available in other languages,  Teachers need and can contribute to on-line resources in Kannada, to increase the local language resources on the web.
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Sources of information, even if freely available on the Internet, needs to be acknowledged. Resources are available in different formats on the Internet- images, videos, audio files etc. We must be aware of Internet safety while accessing images, videos and other information on the Internet.
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==== Connecting with one another ====   
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The internet has changed the way we think of communicating.  Talking to a friend through whatsapp or telegram chats, emailing or making a video call are just some of the ways in which the internet has changed the way we interact with each other in society.  With the internet, you can connect to any computer in the world and access information.  You can join other friends, form groups to learn about many things.  Internet is also allowing new methods of learning through online courses and resource repositories.   
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For making teaching more effective, a resource rich learning environment is necessary. However, in many cases, teachers only have the text book for their subject. The text book is intended primarily for the student and the teacher needs to access resources that are a super set of the topic as dealt in the text book, so that the teacher is well placed to teach using different approaches and with multiple resources, based on the learning contexts and needs of the students. Teachers must also be resourceful to address any doubts or questions that may arise in class or elsewhere on the topic. However, learning resources other than text books are not easily available to teachers. Also significant part of materials available is copyrighted, meaning teachers cannot make copies of the same for their use and it may be expensive to purchase all the required resource materials.
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The internet, a product of digital ICT, has changed the way we think of accessing information or communicating. With the internet, you can connect to any computer in the world and access information and resources. As a 'global digital library', the internet has information on almost every topic. This changes the way we can think of learning and the skills of learning.  Skills of accessing information, organizing, evaluating information are very important. While the Internet is a continuous learning resource and there is a lot of content you can access, to make the resources useful, you need to evaluate the resources, organize it well, and have a clear unit plan on how to integrate multiple resources for teaching.
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Internet is also allowing new methods of learning through on-line courses and resource repositories. Unit 1 will help you learn how you can use ICT to ''connect and learn''. 
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==== Navigating the Internet using a web browser ====
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You will access and navigate the internet using a free and open source web browser such as [[Learn Firefox|Mozilla Firefox]]. It is an application that allows you to browse the world wide web and search for information.
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If you know the web address of the site you want to visit, you can type it in the address bar. Ex; http://kn.wikipedia.org. If you don’t know the particular web address, you can type a key word(s) relating to the topic e.g. Wikipedia, using a search engine. Some examples of search engines are [http://google.com Google search engine] or [https://duckduckgo.com DuckDuckGo] search engine. You can search not only for text, but also for images and videos  You can download the file (video, text file, image file) to your computer.
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Browsing the internet is taking the tour of the global virtual world, hence it will have rewards as well as expose you to risks and dangers. Refer to the last section in this chapter for Internet safety suggestions.
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Browsing the web is taking the tour of the global virtual world, hence it will have rewards as well as expose you to risks and dangers. Refer to the last section in this chapter for Internet safety suggestions.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|An important philosophical justification of using FOSS in education, is that the teaching learning processes should not be constrained by the access to learning resources. While proprietary software is prohibited from being shared or modified, FOSS has been developed to support free sharing and customisation as per needs of the user. Hence in this course, we will only learn to use FOSS tools. However the learning will focus on the processes that the tools support, so that the student-teacher can also easily figure out how to use a proprietary equivalent if required.  
 
|An important philosophical justification of using FOSS in education, is that the teaching learning processes should not be constrained by the access to learning resources. While proprietary software is prohibited from being shared or modified, FOSS has been developed to support free sharing and customisation as per needs of the user. Hence in this course, we will only learn to use FOSS tools. However the learning will focus on the processes that the tools support, so that the student-teacher can also easily figure out how to use a proprietary equivalent if required.  
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# Mozilla Firefox will appear under Applications > Internet >Firefox Web Browser, as shown in the first image  
 
# Mozilla Firefox will appear under Applications > Internet >Firefox Web Browser, as shown in the first image  
 
# If you know the web address you can type it in the address bar. Ex; www.upsc.gov.in.  See the second image  
 
# If you know the web address you can type it in the address bar. Ex; www.upsc.gov.in.  See the second image  
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# In the third image, you will see how to access a website if you don’t know the particular web address. You can type the key word of searching object Ex;UPSC. You can search not only for text, but also for images, videos using search engine.  
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# In the third image, you will see how to access a website if you don’t know the particular web address. You can type the key word of searching object Ex;UPSC. You can search not only for text, but also for images, videos using search engine.  Some examples of search engines are [http://google.com Google search engine] or [https://duckduckgo.com DuckDuckGo] search engine. You can search not only for text, but also for images and videos  You can download the file (video, text file, image file) to your computer.  
 
#The fourth image shows the Google search engine, the search results has options for searching the web, or images or videos. You can download the file (video, text file, image file) in to computer. Check if the copyright of the file allows to copy and use.
 
#The fourth image shows the Google search engine, the search results has options for searching the web, or images or videos. You can download the file (video, text file, image file) in to computer. Check if the copyright of the file allows to copy and use.
 
<gallery mode="packed" heights="250px" caption="Using a browser to access the internet">  
 
<gallery mode="packed" heights="250px" caption="Using a browser to access the internet">  
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File:Firefox_5_Searched_Address.png|400x450px|thumb|Search results will appear
 
File:Firefox_5_Searched_Address.png|400x450px|thumb|Search results will appear
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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=== World wide web - A global digital library - connecting and learning ===
 +
For making teaching more effective, a resource rich learning environment is necessary. However, in many cases, teachers only have the text book for their subject. The text book is intended primarily for the student and the teacher needs to access resources that are a super set of the topic as dealt in the text book, so that the teacher is well placed to teach using different approaches and with multiple resources, based on the learning contexts and needs of the students. Teachers must also be resourceful to address any doubts or questions that may arise in class or elsewhere on the topic. However, learning resources other than text books are not easily available to teachers. Also significant part of materials available is copyrighted, meaning teachers cannot make copies of the same for their use and it may be expensive to purchase all the required resource materials.  The world wide web with its millions of web pages can thus be a "'''Global Digital Library'''", which has resources on many topics.  However, to harness this library, we need to know how to search for information on the web.  After accessing the resources, making meaning depends on our skills to evaluate and organize these resources.  The resources available in the Global Digital Library can be organized into a meaningful personal digital library on our own computer, enabling self learning. 
 +
 +
Resources are available on almost all topics that may be of interest to a teacher in English. The same amount of information is not available in other languages,  Teachers need and can contribute to on-line resources in Kannada, to increase the local language resources on the web.  Sources of information, even if freely available on the Internet, needs to be acknowledged. Resources are available in different formats on the Internet- images, videos, audio files etc. We must be aware of Internet safety while accessing images, videos and other information on the Internet.
 +
 +
The internet and the web, a product of digital ICT, have thus changed the way we think of accessing information or communicating.  The emergence of the internet and the web has changed the way we are accessing information. Getting data about something is not so difficult any more and this can be a great advantage for the teacher for her professional development.  With information being more readily available, learning needs to move in terms of building skills of accessing, organizing and evaluating information.     
 +
 +
Internet is also allowing new methods of learning through on-line courses and blended learning method, thus making us rethink what we learn and how (where) we learn.  This unit will help you learn how you can use ICT to ''connect and learn''.   
 +
 
==== Accessing information on the internet  - Search engine ====
 
==== Accessing information on the internet  - Search engine ====
 
A popular way of finding information on the Internet is through the use of a search engine. Search engine is a website that can retrieve a large amount of relevant information in very a short time.  
 
A popular way of finding information on the Internet is through the use of a search engine. Search engine is a website that can retrieve a large amount of relevant information in very a short time.  
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